The Jefferson Era
What event is sometimes called the “Revolution of 1800”?
The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican Party after Thomas Jefferson’s election.
Who was president during the Era of Good Feelings?
James Monroe.
What transportation innovation connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes?
The Erie Canal.
What was the Second Great Awakening?
A Protestant religious revival that emphasized individual salvation and moral reform.
What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname, symbolizing his strength and stubbornness?
“Old Hickory"
What 1830 law forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi River?
The Indian Removal Act.
What invention increased the demand for enslaved labor in the South?
The cotton gin
What early case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What law passed by Jefferson banned nearly all international trade?
The Embargo Act of 1807.
What agreement limited naval armament on the Great Lakes between the U.S. and Britain?
The Rush-Bagot Agreement.
What invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized cotton production?
The cotton gin.
What part of New York State became known as the “Burned-Over District”?
Upstate New York
What system of rewarding political supporters with government jobs did Jackson use?
The spoils system
What journey resulted in the death of thousands of Cherokee people?
The Trail of Tears.
What line was established by the Missouri Compromise to divide free and slave territories?
The 36°30′ parallel
What case upheld federal control over interstate commerce?
Gibbons v. Ogden
What 1803 decision gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison.
What doctrine warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere?
The Monroe Doctrine.
What was the first major federally funded highway connecting Maryland to Illinois?
The National Road (Cumberland Road)
What reform movement sought to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption?
The temperance movement.
What event was labeled a “corrupt bargain” by Jackson’s supporters?
The election of 1824, when John Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay Secretary of State.
What was the name of the policy that justified westward expansion as divinely ordained?
Manifest Destiny
What Southern argument claimed slavery was a “positive good”?
That slavery civilized and protected African Americans while benefiting the economy.
What case upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States?
McCulloch v. Maryland
What geographic purchase doubled the size of the United States in 1803?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What was the purpose of Henry Clay’s American System?
To promote national economic growth through a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.
What was one major impact of interchangeable parts on manufacturing?
They made mass production of goods possible.
What female reformer helped establish state-supported asylums and hospitals for the mentally ill?
Dorothea Dix.
What was Jackson’s response to the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia?
He ignored it and continued to support Indian removal
What was one major goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
To map and explore the Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific.
What 1831 slave rebellion heightened fear and repression in the South?
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
What case declared that state governments cannot interfere with private contracts?
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
What exploration mapped the Louisiana Territory and reached the Pacific Ocean?
The Lewis and Clark Expedition.
What caused the Panic of 1819?
Overspeculation on western lands and tightening credit by the Second Bank of the United States.
What region of the U.S. became known for its textile mills and industrial labor system?
New England
What religious group established utopian communities like New Harmony and Brook Farm?
Transcendentalists and other reform-minded idealists.
What 1832–1833 crisis nearly led South Carolina to secede?
The Nullification Crisis.
What future state was the destination for many forcibly removed tribes?
Oklahoma
What group advocated the gradual emancipation of slaves and their resettlement in Africa?
The American Colonization Society.
What Chief Justice expanded federal power and strengthened the judiciary during this period?
John Marshall
What issue caused Jefferson to struggle with his strict constructionist beliefs?
The constitutionality of purchasing Louisiana without explicit congressional authorization.
What political issue was temporarily resolved by the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
The balance between free and slave states.
What social and economic class expanded most as a result of the Market Revolution?
The middle class
What women’s rights convention issued the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848?
The Seneca Falls Convention.
What institution did Jackson destroy because he saw it as favoring elites?
The Second Bank of the United States.
What tribe successfully resisted removal for several years under Osceola?
The Seminoles of Florida
Who was the leading abolitionist publisher of The Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
What was one long-term effect of the Marshall Court rulings?
They reinforced the supremacy of federal law over state law.
What event was caused by British impressment and restrictions on American trade?
The War of 1812.
What phrase captured the illusion of political unity that masked growing sectional tensions?
“Era of Good Feelings.”
What group of workers organized the first labor unions during this period?
Urban artisans and factory workers
What new religious movement, founded by Joseph Smith, emphasized communal living, westward migration, and practiced polygamy?
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).
What financial policy required land purchases to be made in gold or silver?
The Specie Circular
What Supreme Court decision ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a “distinct community”?
Worcester v. Georgia
What emerging Northern ideology opposed slavery’s spread into new territories?
Free-labor ideology
Under Chief Justice Taney, what was a key shift in Court philosophy?
A move toward states’ rights and opposition to federal economic control