Exploration
What year did the Old World and New World meet?
1492
This disease was detrimental to the population of the Americas. It caused the "Great Dying."
Smallpox
What commodity were European traders primarily interested in from Southeast Asia?
Spices
What are TWO products Europeans sold African Kingdoms in exchange for enslaved people?
Manufactured goods (textiles, guns, rum)
What was the title of the Spaniards who colonized the New World?
Conquistadors (Cortes conquered Mexica and Pizarro conquered Incas)
What are TWO technological developments that led to increased exploration?
Compass; Carrack; Caravel; Fluyt; Cartography; Astrolabe; Lateen sail
How did the Columbian Exchange massively increase the population in the Old World?
New World food crops brought to the Old World
What are the 3 "Gs" that influenced Europeans to explore and colonize Latin America?
Gold, God, Glory
Japan and China both engaged in policies of __ during this period during which they decreased their open involvement in foreign trade.
Seclusion/isolation
What is the name of the document that gave Spain control of most of Latin America and Portugal control of most of Brazil, Africa, and Asia?
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Which European nation (and person) was the first to sponsor extensive maritime travel?
Portugal - Prince Henry the Navigator
The "Great Dying," combined with other factors, meant that European settlers were seeking alternatives to indigenous coerced labor. What was the "solution" to their labor shortage?
Transatlantic slave trade
The exploitation of colonies (including the extraction of precious metals) by a dominating power is known as the economic policy of
Mercantilism
These two countries established the most prominent trading post empires throughout Africa and Asia.
Netherlands, Portugal
Arguably the worst part of the journey for enslaved Africans, this was characterized by the little water, food, and space as well as the sickness.
Middle Passage
What was the primary reason for Europeans' desire to begin extensive maritime travel?
To trade with Asia more easily (avoid taxes from Gunpowder Empires)
Name one animal that was transferred from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere.
Horses, oxen, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, rats, chickens, mosquitoes
The most important precious metal imported from the New World.
Silver
The _ attempted to establish small forts in the Mughal Empire.
British East India Company
How did the Ottoman and Mughal empires avoid much of the social strife that Europe experienced during this time?
Better religious toleration (Ottomans favored Muslims but accepted others; Mughals tolerant of mostly all religious, Muslims and Hindus)
These two monarchs of this country sponsored Christopher Columbus's expedition. Name the monarchs and the country.
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
Portuguese "engenhos" (engines) were what?
Sugar plantations
What was the primary purpose of European trading posts in Africa and Asia?
What was the name of European state-sponsored companies sent to control trading posts in Asia? Name 2 of them.
Joint stock companies. British East India Company & Dutch East India Company
Identify ONE of the two rebellions in Russia during this time period and its cause
Cossack Rebellion and Pugachev Rebellion (Both were peasant/serf revolts)