Intro to Bonding
Attraction between elements, compounds, molecules.
Type of bond formed between 2 non-metals.
Double Points: Describe and name the second type of bond
Covalent Bond
Metal and a non-metal - ionic bond
What is a chemical reaction?
A process where substances interact to form new substances with different properties
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Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.
Genotype - genetic make-up
Phenotype - expressed (physical) traits
Please provide an example of a covalent bond.
Double Points: Provide an example of an ionic bond.
Covalent:
Ionic:
Bond formed between Sulfur and Magnesium
Ionic Bond
Identify all three parts of the following reaction:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ - reactants
→ - yield
2H₂O - products
Is the following equation balanced or unbalanced?
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
Unbalanced
Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait?
Homozygous
In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to achieve what?
octet rule / stability
How many electrons does Sodium donate to Chlorine in NaCl?
1 electron
Give me three examples that a chemical reactions has occured
bubbles/fizzing, temperature change, color change, sparks, combustion, light, change in odor
What is a subscript?
Double Points: What is a coefficient?
Subscript - Small number to the right of the element or parentheses that multiplies the element(s) by that number to indicate the number of atoms.
Coefficient - Large number to the left of the element or compound to indicate the number of that molecule or element.
In a Punnett square showing brown (B) and blue (b) eye color, if both parents are heterozygous (Bb), what is the probability of a child having blue eyes?
25%
What determines the type of chemical bond that will form between atoms?
Electron configuration and electronegativity / number of valence electrons
While discussing electron allocation, explain the difference between covalent and ionic bonds.
Covalent bonds - share electrons
Ionic bonds - give/take electrons
Provide 1 example from a lab we conducted in which you noticed a chemical reaction.
Double points if you name all three!
Cornstarch and Iodine
Vinegar and Baking Soda
Water and Calcium Chloride
How many atoms for each element in the following equations reactants?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
C - 6
O - 18
H - 12
A tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt). What genotype ratio would you expect in the offspring?
All (Tt)
Explain why noble gases rarely form chemical bonds?
They have completely filled outer electron shells
What are the two types of ions, and how do they differ?
anion - negative ion (add electrons)
cation - positive ion (subtract electrons)
During a chemical reaction, 10g of sodium reacts with 20g of chlorine.
What is the total mass of the products and why?
The total mass remains 30g according to the law of conservation of mass
Balance the following equation by adding coefficients:
__Al + __O₂ → __Al₂O₃
4 Al + 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃
Explain how organisms can have different genotypes but the same phenotypes.
Provide an example using random alleles/traits.
Genotypes can vary with dominant and recessive traits but the dominate genotype will always be expressed as a phenotype.
BB - expressed B (same phenotype)
Bb - expressed B (same phenotype)
bb - expressed b (different phenotype)