Cell Theory & Microscopes
This basic unit of structure and function makes up all living things.
What is a cell?
Bacteria belong to this type of cell.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
These structures link amino acids to build proteins using instructions carried by mRNA.
What are ribosomes?
This rigid outer structure supports and protects plant cells.
What is the cell wall?
This is the name for a group of similar cells working together.
What is a tissue?
This instrument made it possible to observe cells and helped scientists develop cell theory.
What is a microscope?
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack this membrane-bound structure that encloses most DNA.
What is a nucleus?
This organelle carries out most cellular respiration, transferring energy from food molecules into ATP.
What are mitochondria?
This plant-cell organelle captures light energy for photosynthesis.
What is a chloroplast?
In a neuron, these branching structures receive signals.
What are dendrites?
Of light and electron microscopes, this type generally reveals smaller structures in greater detail.
What is an electron microscope?
In a prokaryotic cell, the main chromosome is found in this region of the cytoplasm.
What is the nucleoid?
This organelle performs photosynthesis and appears green because it contains chlorophyll.
What is a chloroplast?
Plant cell walls are made mainly of this strong carbohydrate.
What is cellulose?
This plant tissue transports water and dissolved minerals mainly from roots toward stems and leaves.
What is xylem?
This cell theory principle says that new cells come from existing cells.
What is the principle that all cells come from pre-existing cells?
These four features are shared by all cells: cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and these protein-building structures.
What are ribosomes?
The folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion has these folds, which increase surface area for ATP-producing reactions.
What are cristae?
This large plant-cell organelle helps store materials and maintain cell support.
What is the large central vacuole?
This process lets cells develop structures and patterns of gene activity suited to particular tasks.
What is cell differentiation?
A microscope has a 10 eyepiece and a 40 objective. This is its total magnification.
What is 400?
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes both organize DNA into these structures; in many bacteria, the main one is circular.
What is a chromosome?
This organelle digests and recycles cellular waste and worn-out cell parts, earning it the nickname “cleanup crew.”
What are lysosomes?
In a simplified plant–animal comparison, these two structures are commonly listed as animal-cell features rather than plant-cell features.
What are lysosomes and centrioles?
These two commonly taught stem-cell categories differ in developmental potential.
What are embryonic stem cells and adult (somatic) stem cells?