ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the name of the plant pigment that is most prominent in plant chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
Which source provides the initial energy required in photosynthesis?
Sunlight
What are the products of the Electron Transport Chain
ATP, water (H2O), NAD+, and FAD
What is the net gain of ATP at the end of glycolysis and fermentation?
2 ATP
What are the three components of an ATP molecule?
Adenine (nitrogenous base), Ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups
Four identical plants are grown under different colored light bulbs. Under which color will the release of oxygen gas be the slowest?
Blue, Orange, Green , or Red
Green
Where AND how is water used in photosynthesis?
In the Light Dependent Reaction, water is split by photolysis (sunlight) to contribute electrons and Hydrogen ions to the ETC and proton gradient. Oxygen is released as a waste product.
What are NADH and FADH2 used for?
Act as electron carriers which give away their electrons in the ETC
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
The cytoplasm (cytosol)
How is ATP created?
A third phosphate is attached to the molecule ADP to create a build up of potential energy? Often uses the enzyme ATP Synthase to combine these elements.
The tiny door-like opening in the leaves where gases move in and out is called?
The stomata (stoma)
Which stage of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to make glucose?
The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction)
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
What is produced when muscles start fermentation and causes cramps?
Lactic Acid
Name 3 biological processes that use ATP
Active transport, muscle contraction, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, cell signaling (communication), cell division, cell movement, protein synthesis.
Where AND how do plant pigments contribute to photosynthesis?
In the Thylakoid membrane ETC, Photosystem II and Photosystem I. Pigments absorb UV light energy needed to charge electrons.
What are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), NADPH and ATP
Where in the eukaryotic cell does the Krebs Cycle occur?
The Mitochondrial Matrix (the mitochondria)
What is the difference between the products of lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation releases lactic acid (lactate) and alcoholic fermentation releases ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide (CO2)
How does the ATP molecule release energy?
Breaking off the third phosphate group releases energy through phosphorylation.
In which part of the leaf would there be a higher concentration of chloroplasts in each plant cell?
Palisade mesophyll
What molecule do plants pull from the air that is used to make sugar?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
What type of organisms perform cellular respiration?
All eukaryotic organisms that have a mitochondria (including: plants, animals, fungi, and protists)
Why do cells that have a mitochondria perform fermentation?
To prevent a backlog of NADH and release NAD+ back to glycolysis.