Demographics Rates & Terms
What is the difference between a PUSH and a PULL factor?
Pull factor = reasons to want to immigrate (go into a country); Push factor = reasons to want to or have to emigrate (to leave a country).
What are the 3 types of population pyramids?
Stable, Expanding, and Contracting
What is LICO?
The Low-Income Cut-Offs is the poverty line in Canada's urban centers. If someone falls below the LICO, it means that they are considered to be poor.
What generation are YOU a part of?
Gen Z
What is the formula for population distribution?
Population / land area = people per km2
If a country has a HIGH birth rate and a LOW death rate, and also a HIGH net migration rate, then its population growth rate will be... (HINT: Positive? Negative? 0?)
Positive (Population is increasing because more people are being born rather than dying, and people are also immigrating to the country.)
What stage of the DTM is Canada currently at?
Stage 4
Why does having women in the workforce contribute to lower birth rates?
Because some women may be choosing to put careers before having a family and are therefore getting married later and may also be choosing to have children later, or not at all. This lowers the "window of opportunity" for a woman's age in which she may safely have a child, and therefore contributes to a lower birth rate on average.
How many points are needed to qualify as an economic immigrant to Canada?
67 points
Give ONE potential problem of a densely populated area.
Social: Housing, crowding
Economic: job opportunities, salary (potential poverty & homelessness)
Environmental: Pollution, resources, crowding, lower quality of life
What are TWO THINGS we need to consider when determining quality of life? (HINT: One of these things are certain types of rates.)
Life expectancy, and child/infant mortality rates.
What is the "demographic trap"?
The demographic trap occurs at Stage 2, wherein the high birth and death rates of a country means there is a high dependency load--children under 18. The economy cannot develop past a certain point without help because they need to spend money on basic necessities for their population.
What is the "demographic crunch" in Canada?
The demographic crunch refers to Canada's aging population and how, once they are out of the work force, there will be labour shortages and the economy will be negatively impacted, as more money needs to be spent on social services and pensions rather than economic development, and the working class will have to pay higher taxes to support senior citizens.
What is a refugee?
A refugee is someone who was forced to leave their country of origin and immigrate elsewhere as a result of war, natural disaster, discrimination, or other dangerous push factors.
What is the CMA?
CMA - Census Metropolitan Area: an area with > 100 000 people, which contain largest cities in terms of population with the greatest population density
Explain the difference between natural increase and net migration.
Natural increase = birth rate - death rate
Net migration = immigration rate - emigration rate
If a country as LOW birth and death rates but the death rate is higher, life expectancy is high and the economy is highly developed, what stage of the DTM is it at and what population pyramid does it have?
Stage 5 and contracting population pyramid.
What are the 3 reasons for homelessness in Canada?
1 - Disruptive Family Conditions, 2 - Residential Instability, 3 - Financial Crisis
What are all the Generations currently alive today, IN ORDER (oldest to youngest)?
Silent, Baby Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z, and Gen Alpha
What are the 3 statuses for Indigenous peoples in Canada?
First Nations, Metis, and Inuit.
Provide the EXACT formula for doubling time and explain what is means if the result is a positive or negative number
Doubling time = 70/population growth rate. If the number is positive, it means the number of years for the country to double its population. If it's negative, it means the number of years for the country to halve its population.
What are the 5 stages of the DTM? (Name all of them, and describe at least TWO in detail.)
1 - Pre-Transition (Pre-Industrial Stage) = high birth and death rates, low life expectancy, NO economic development
2 - Early Transition (Industrial Revolution) = high birth and death rates, low life expectancy, minimal/some economic development
3 - Late Transition (Post-Industrial Revolution) = lower birth and death rates, SOME economic development and trade with other countries
4 - Post-Transition (Stabilization) = low birth and death rates are almost equal, stable and developed economy
5 - Post-Post Transition (Declining Population) = low birth and death rates, death rate is higher, contracting population and highly developed economy
What are the 3 reasons that Canada's population is currently aging?
1 - Health Care, Birth control, & family planning; 2 - Costs & Economy; 3 - Education & Work
What are the 7 immigrant classes in Canada?
Skilled Workers, Skilled Trades, Canadian Experience, Start-Up Visa, Temporary Foreign Workers, Refugee, and Family
What are TWO terms from the Indian Act of 1876?
Indigenous identity (Indian status), residential schools, reserve system, autonomy for reserves.