OCTET RULE
IONIC BONDS
COVALENT BONDS
DRAWING/NAMING IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS
METALLIC BONDS
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
100
What is the name of the rule that states that all atoms want 8 valence electrons on their last electron shell in order to be in their most stable state?
The Octet Rule
100
Which of the particles below will be gained or lost when an atom forms an ionic bond?
(a) protons (c) electrons
(b) neutrons (d) nucleons
(c) electrons
Electrons can either be transferred or shared in a chemical bond.
100
Covalent bonding can only occur between which of the following?
(a) A nonmetal and a nonmetal
(b) A metal and a nonmetal
(c) A metal and a metalloid
(a) A nonmetal and a nonmetal
Covalent bonds occurs between nonmetals.
100
Which of the following below would be the correct name for an ionic compound that forms between calcium and chlorine?
(a) Calcium chlorine (b) Calcium dichloride (c) Calcium chloride (d) Dicalcium chloride
(b) Calcium chloride
When naming ionic bonds, the name of the metal goes first and stays the same. The suffix of the nonmetal changes to -ide.
100
A solid sample of copper is an excellent conductor of electric current. Which type of chemical bonds are in the sample?
(a) ionic bonds
(b) nonpolar covalent bonds
(c) metallic bonds
(d) polar covalent bonds
(c) metallic bonds
Metallic Bonds are formed between metal atoms.
100
Which term is used to describe the attraction that an oxygen atom has for the electrons in a chemical bond?
(a) alkalinity
(b) electronegativity
(c) electron configuration
(b) electronegativity
Electronegativity describes the measure of attraction an atom has for the electrons in a chemical bond.
200
What is the name of the group of elements on the Periodic Table that already are fulfilling the conditions of the Octet Rule?
Noble Gases
The Noble Gases elements have the maximum number of valence electrons on their last energy level fulfilling the Octet Rule.
200
Which type of bond is formed when an atom of sodium transfers an electron to a fluorine atom?
(a) metallic (b) ionic
(c) polar covalent (d) nonpolar covalent
(b) ionic
Sodium is a metal, who will give its valence electron to fluorine, which is a nonmetal.
200
A covalent bond is likely to form between which of the following pair of elements below:
(a) potassium and bromine
(b) nitrogen and hydrogen
(c) magnesium and fluorine
(d) sodium and chlorine
(b) nitrogen and hydrogen
Nitrogen and hydrogen are both nonmetals.
200
Which of the following chemical formulas below would represent an accurate covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen?
(a) CH (b) CH2
(c) CH3 (d) CH4
(d) CH4
Carbon has 4 valence electrons so it will take 4 hydrogens to form a complete covalent bond where both carbon and hydrogen can fulfill the Octet Rule.
200
Which element consists of positive ions immersed in a “sea” of mobile electrons?
(a) sulfur (b) nitrogen (c) calcium (d) chlorine
(c) Calcium
Metals form positive ions and when they bond with each other in a "sea" of mobile electrons they form metallic bonds.
200
Based on Table of EN, which group on the Periodic Table has the element with the highest electronegativity?
(a) Group 1 (b) Group 2
(c) Group 17 (d) Group 18
(c) Group 17
Fluorine is in Group 17, which has the highest electronegativity with a value of 4.0.
300
Elements that have atoms with stable valence electron configurations are found in
(a) Group 1 (b) Group 8
(c) Group 11 (d) Group 18
(d) Group 18
Group 18 consists of the Noble Gases, which have the maximum number of electrons on their last energy level so they are the most stable elements.
300
Ionic bonding can only occur between which of the following?
(a) A nonmetal and a nonmetal
(b) A metal and a nonmetal
(c) A metal and a metalloid
(d) A nonmetal and a metalloid
(b) A metal and a nonmetal
Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and nonmetal.
300
The bond between Br atoms in a Br2 molecule is
(a) ionic and is formed by the sharing of two valence electrons
(b) ionic and is formed by the transfer of two valence electrons
(c) covalent and is formed by the transfer of two valence electrons
(d) covalent and is formed by the sharing of two valence electrons
(d) covalent and is formed by the sharing of two valence electrons
Bromine is a nonmetal so they will share their electrons with one another.
300
WRITE OUT THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR MAGNESIUM NITRIDE.
Mg3N2
Magnesium has a +2 charge and Nitrogen has a -3 charge. It will take thee magnesiums to balance out the charges of two nitogens.
300
In a chemical formula which element would be written first?
K or O
I or C
K and C
The most metal element is written first in the formula.
300
An atom of which of the following elements has the strongest attraction for the electrons in a bond?
(a) aluminum (b) carbon (c) chlorine (d) lithium
(c) chlorine
The word attraction for electrons means electronegativity. Chlorine has the highest electronegativity amongst all the choices.
400
Which element below tends NOT to react with other elements?
(a) helium (b) hydrogen
(c) phosphorus (d) potassium
(a) helium
Helium is a Noble Gas. The Noble Gas elements hardly react with other elements because they are stable and already fulfill the Octet Rule unlike the rest of the elements on the Periodic Table.
400
When a nonmetal reacts with a metal, the nonmetal will
(a) lose electrons and form a positive ion
(b) lose protons and form a positive ion
(c) gain electrons and form a negative ion
(d) gain protons and form a negative ion
(c) gain electrons and form a negative ion
In an ionic bond, nonmetals gain electrons and form a negative ion (anion).
400
In a NONPOLAR covalent bond, electrons are
(a) located in a mobile “sea” of positive ions (b) transferred from one atom to another
(c) shared equally between atoms (d) shared unequally between atoms
(c) shared equally between atoms
In a nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared equally between the bonding atoms.
400
WRITE OUT THE CHEMICAL NAME FOR THE FOLLOWING COVALENT COMPOUND: N2O5
Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Di-2
Pent-5
400
Which properties are characteristic of Group 2 metals elements?
(a) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities greater than 1.7
(b) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities less than 1.7
(c) poor electrical conductivity and electronegativities greater than 1.7
(b) good electrical conductivity and electronegativities less than 1.7
Metals are good conductors of electricity and have low electronegativities (low attraction for electrons in a chemical bond)
400
Look at the electron-dot diagram below of H-I:
The electrons in the bond between hydrogen and fluorine are more strongly attracted to the atom of
(a) hydrogen, which has the higher electronegativity (b) hydrogen, which has the lower electronegativity (c) fluorine, which has the higher electronegativity (d) fluorine, which has the lower electronegativity
(c) fluorine, which has the higher electronegativity
Since Fluorine has a higher electronegativity of 4.0, the electrons are more strongly attracted to fluorine than hydrogen.
500
NAME TWO WAYS in which atoms can fulfill the Octet Rule.
Atoms can either TRANSFER their electrons (lose or gain) in an ionic bond.
Atoms can SHARE their electrons between each other in a covalent bond.
500
Describe the electronegativities of the elements in an ionic bond
the electronegativities are very different - metals are low and nonmetals are high
500
What is the number of electrons shared between the atoms in an I2 molecule as shown below?
(a) 7 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 4
(b) 2
Each bond between an atom represents two electrons being shared.
500
DRAW AN ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAM OF DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE.
500
The particle below represents a solid sample of silver.
Which type of bonding is present when valence electrons move within the sample as a “sea” of valence electrons?
(a) metallic bonding (b) hydrogen bonding (c) covalent bonding (d) ionic bonding
(a) metallic bonding
Valence electrons move within metal atoms as a "sea" of valence electrons to form metallic bonds.
500
Why are the properties of water different from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen?
Chemical bonding changes the properties of the elements in the bond.