Earth's Layers
What are the four layers of Earth IN ORDER?
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
1. Convergent
2. Divergent
3. Transform
What theory do fossils help prove?
Continental drift
What is the mechanical layer where Convection Currents occur?
The Asthenosphere
What type of crust is thinner and more dense?
Oceanic
Define each of the three boundaries movement.
Convergent: Two plates collide together
Divergent: Two plates split apart
Transform: Two plates slide past each other
Whish scientist looked at fossils to help support his idea?
Alfred Wegener
What layer do the convection current move?
The Lithosphere
What three things increase as you go deeper into Earth?
1. Temperature
2. Density
3. Pressure
How does an earthquake occur?
As plates move, they build up stress. An earthquake is when that stress releases.
What was the process that helped proved Wegener's theory correct?
Seafloor Spreading
How does the mantle get new crust?
The plate that gets pushed under at a Convergent boundary melts into the mantle.
What are the layers in order from most to least dense?
1. Inner Core
2. Outer Core
3. Mantle
4. Crust
Describe the process of seafloor spreading.
At a divergent boundary, the plates split apart. Magma comes up in the gap, cools, and forms new crust.
Give at least one example of two continents that fit together like puzzle pieces.
South America and Africa
Explain how density changes based on temperature.
Particles spread out when they get hotter, so the become less dense. They come together when they cool down, so they are more dense.
What is the main difference between the inner and outer cores?
The outer core is a liquid while the inner core is a solid due to pressure.
List EVERYTHING that can be created at any boundary.
Convergent: Mountains, Trenches, Volcanoes/Volcanic Islands, Subduction
Divergent: Mid-Ocean Ridge, Rift Valley, Volcano
Transform: Earthquake
All 3: Earthquake
Explain how fossils prove tectonic plates have moved over time.
Since there are fossils of the same thing on two different continents separated by the ocean, that means the continents had to be together at some point because the creature could not cross the water.
Starting with the first step after material heats up, list the four steps of the convection current process in order.
1. Hot magma rises because it is less dense
2. Magma hits the crust and cools off
3. Magma sinks back down because it is more dense
4. Magma heats up again