Vocabulary
Type of crust that makes up the ocean floor.
Oceanic Crust
areas in the Earth's crust which emit lava, ash, and volcanic gases.
volcano
breaks in the Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other.
faults
The layer of the Earth that is the most dense.
core
A place where two tectonic plates are being pushed into each other
convergent boundary
breaks in the Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other.
faults
Type of crust that exists above water
Continental Crust
The most common type of volcano. They have steep sides and broad base. They erupt very explosively.
Composite Volcano
epicenter
the primary composition of the Earth's core (what it's made out of.)
iron and nickel
a place where sea-floor spreading is happening and plates are being pulled away from each other.
divergent boundary
the bending of rock layers due to stress
fold
The process of new oceanic crust forming as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies.
sea-floor spreading
These volcanos tend to be smaller and can form quickly. They have flat domes on top and steep sides. They form from moderately explosive eruptions.
Cinder Cone Volcano
point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins.
focus
a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
lithosphere
drives tectonic plate movement
convection currents
fold in rock that bends upward into an arch AND fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley.
anticline and syncline
What is the area on Earth that contains the vast majority of volcanoes and has more earthquakes than anywhere else?
Ring of Fire
These volcanoes have gently sloping hillsides but can be HUGE! They form from non-explosive eruptions with runny, less viscous lava flow.
Shield Volcano
a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground (like an accordian).
P (primary) waves
What percent of the Earth is covered by water?
71%
a type of stress that involves Earth being pushed into itself
compression
caused by tension stress and results in an upward movement of the hanging wall.
a. reverse fault
b. strike-slip fault
c. normal fault
c. normal fault
means "resistance to flow" in terms of lava flow.
Viscosity
Name the three classifications of volcanoes. BONUS if you can define each of them too.
Active, Dormant, Extinct
A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side.
S (secondary) waves
List the four basic layers on the Earth in order, starting with the outside.
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core
a type of stress that involves Earth being pushed in two opposite directions horizontally.
shearing
caused by shearing stress and results in rocks on both sides of the fault slipping past each other
a. reverse fault
b. strike-slip fault
c. normal fault
b. strike-slip fault