Classical
What is the primary focus of the classical decision-making model?
Following a series of logical, cognitive actions to arrive at the best decision.
How does a leader decide which decision-making style to use according to the Vroom and Yetton Model?
A leader diagnoses the situation and then chooses an appropriate decision-making style based on the specific context.
Tell me about The Garbage Can Model of decision-making.
A chaotic mix of independent streams of problems, solutions, participants, and choice opportunities, rather than a linear sequence of steps.
Name 1 key advantage of the democratic leadership style as demonstrated by Sister Mary in the scenario of the private Catholic School facing closure.
The key advantages of the democratic leadership style, as illustrated by Sister Mary, include allowing participation and input from faculty and parents, fostering collaboration and building trust within the community, and making group members feel valued and appreciated.
What is a key factor that helps employees feel valued in organizations?
Participation in the decision-making process at some level helps employees feel valued.
What is the first step in the classical decision-making process?
Identify the problem, as there is no need to make a decision if no problem exists.
What is the AI method in the Vroom and Yetton Model?
The AI method involves the leader making the decision autonomously using whatever information is available, without consulting the group.
How does the Garbage Can Model affect decision-making in schools?
Decisions may be made randomly or haphazardly, often without addressing the real issues, due to the overwhelming number of daily decisions faced by principals.
What are the two main factors to consider in the decision-making process within educational leadership?
The process used to make decisions and the educational leaders themselves.
What decision-making style is preferred in educational institutions?
Participative decision-making (PDM), or shared decision-making (SDM), is the preferred style in educational institutions.
What assumption does the classical decision-making model make about the decision-maker?
The model assumes that the decision maker is completely rational and unbiased and has access to all necessary information to make a decision.
What are the three leadership styles identified in the Vroom and Yetton Model?
The three leadership styles are Autocratic (A), Consultative (C), and Group (G).
What are the three decision-making styles identified in the Garbage Can Model?
Decision by Oversight (making decisions without addressing the real problem), Decision by Flight (delaying decisions until the problem resolves itself), and Decision by Resolution (resolving problems on an ad-hoc basis).
What are some advantages and disadvantages of autocratic leadership in educational settings?
Advantages of autocratic leadership in educational settings include the ability for the leader to make quick decisions when they possess all necessary information and expertise, which can help avoid delays. However, disadvantages include the potential for missed opportunities due to a lack of alternatives, as well as the perception of the leader as bossy or controlling, which can lead to resentment among team members. Additionally, the lack of consultation means that group members may feel unable to contribute their ideas to the decision-making process.
Who proposed that administration is fundamentally about decision-making?
Daniel E. Griffiths proposed in 1959 that administration was decision-making.
Why is the implementation of a decision is considered a crucial aspect of the decision-making process?
Implementation is crucial because decisions are only finalized when they are put into action, and it is important to assess whether the decision achieves the desired result, making adjustments as needed.
What role does the leader play in the GII method of decision-making?
The leader acts as a facilitator, sharing the problem with the group and helping them reach a consensus without imposing their own decision.
What role do organizational objectives play in the Garbage Can Model?
Organizational objectives emerge spontaneously from the interactions of problems, solutions, and participants, rather than being predetermined.
How does leadership style influence decision making in educational settings?
Leadership style impacts decision-making by determining the approach a manager takes, which can range from autocratic (manager-oriented) to laissez-faire (subordinate-oriented), affecting the quality of decisions made and the overall outcomes in schools.
How does participative decision-making (PDM) contribute to the effectiveness of educational institutions?
Participative decision-making (PDM) contributes significantly to the effectiveness of educational institutions by fostering an environment of communication, collaboration, and trust among staff and stakeholders. PDM aligns with democratic leadership styles, which are particularly effective in educational settings where teamwork and collegiality are essential for success.
What are the steps involved in evaluating alternatives according to the classical decision-making model?
The steps involved include recognizing all possible outcomes, assessing the value of each outcome, and evaluating the likelihood of each possible outcome for each alternative.
How does the CII method differ from the CI method in the Vroom and Yetton Model?
In the CI method, the leader shares the problem with group members one-on-one, while in the CII method, the leader discusses the problem with the group as a whole before making a decision.
What does the term "muddling through" refer to in the context of educational decision-making?
A type of decision-making where supervisors make choices without thorough analysis or consideration of the original context, often leading to irrelevant outcomes.
What are the key characteristics of laissez-faire leadership, and why is it often considered an ineffective leadership style?
A leader who completely trusts group members to make their own decisions with minimal guidance or supervision. It is often considered ineffective because it does not promote team collaboration or communication.
In what ways do leadership styles influence the decision-making process within educational institutions?
Leadership styles play a crucial role in shaping the decision-making processes within educational institutions. Democratic or participative leadership styles promote shared decision-making, encouraging input and collaboration from all members of the organization. This approach fosters a sense of community and trust, as individuals feel their contributions are valued. Conversely, autocratic leadership styles may stifle communication and limit participation, leading to decisions that may not reflect the needs or insights of the broader team. By understanding the impact of different leadership styles, educational leaders can adopt strategies that enhance engagement and promote effective decision-making, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for the institution and its stakeholders.