Life Cycle of a Star
What is the name of the stage where a star first forms from a cloud of gas and dust?
Stellar Nebula
What do the horizontal and vertical axes on an HR diagram usually represent?
Luminosity and Temperature
What is the wavelength of a wave? Name the points you measure between.
Crest to Crest
What does EMS stand for?
Electromagnetic Spectrum
What is the long, stable stage in a star’s life where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core?
Main Sequence
Where on the HR diagram would you find hot, bright stars (upper-left, upper-right, lower-left, or lower-right)?
upper-left
If the wavelength goes up, what happens to the frequency?
It decreases
Give two examples of electromagnetic waves that are invisible to the human eye.
Radio,microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet (UV), X-rays, and gamma rays
After a medium-mass star exhausts hydrogen in its core, it expands and cools — what is this stage called?
Red Giant
What main region of the HR diagram contains most stars, including the Sun?
The diagonal line accross for the main sequence
If two waves have the same frequency and wavelength but one has a larger amplitude, how will they differ in appearance?
it will be taller
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency?
Radio Waves
What type of end stage does a very massive star become after a supernova explosion?
Black hole or Supernova
If a star is located in the upper-right of the HR diagram, is it cooler or hotter than a star in the lower-left, and is it more or less luminous?
cooler and more luminous
Which property of a wave (amplitude or frequency) mostly affects how loud a sound is or how bright a light appears?
amplitude
Which part of the EMS has higher energy: ultraviolet or infrared? Explain briefly.
Ultraviolet because it has a higher frequency
Describe the sequence of main stages (in order) for a low- to medium-mass star from birth to final remnant.
Stellar Nebula--Average Star--Red Giant--Planetary Nebula--White Dwarf--Black Dwarf
Explain how you would use an HR diagram to tell the difference between a red giant and a white dwarf.
You can compare them based on luminosity and temperature.
What two things can show that a wave has more energy than other?
frequency or amplitude
Order these EMS types from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength: visible light, radio waves, X-rays, microwaves.
Radio, microwave, visible light , x-ray