Reforming Faith
What practice did Martin Luther criticize for allowing people to buy forgiveness for sins?
Indulgences
What grand French palace symbolized Louis XIV’s absolute power and control over the nobility? (And can you name one interesting fact about it!)
Palace of Versailles
Who was the English philosopher who stated that man were born with three natural rights, Life Liberty and Property?
John Locke
What made the Glorious Revolution “glorious”?
It achieved major constitutional change with little bloodshed.
What invention helped spread Reformation and Enlightenment ideas across Europe?
The Printing Press
What key idea of John Calvin claimed that God had already chosen who would be saved or damned?
Predestination
What type of government puts limits on Monarchy while encouraging Parliamentary control?
Constitutional Monarchy
What idea claims that knowledge comes from experience and observation rather than pure reason?
Empiricism
Which English leader ruled as “Lord Protector” following the execution of Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
What term describes 18th-century rulers who adopted Enlightenment ideals like reason and reform while keeping absolute authority?
Enlightened Absolutism
What group believed that only adults could be baptized, since faith should be a personal and conscious choice?
Anabaptists
The phrase “L’État, c’est moi” (“I am the state”) expresses what fundamental idea about monarchy?
Absolutism/Divine Right
The Enlightenment principle that government should be divided into branches to prevent tyranny was proposed by whom?
Montesquieu
How did warfare help centralize the state?
It required efficient taxation and bureaucratic systems to fund large standing armies.
What is the nickname of Louis XIV and why?
The Sun-King - a metaphor for king as center of the universe and absolutist
What major Catholic meeting reaffirmed Church teachings and addressed corruption during the Counter-Reformation?
Council of Trent
How did the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution differ in outcome (what happened to monarchy)?
Civil War abolished monarchy; Glorious Revolution created constitutional monarchy.
The economic philosophy that markets function best with minimal government interference is called what?
Economic Liberalism
What conflict began as a religious struggle but ended as a political battle for European dominance pitting two catholic powers France & HRE against each other?
Thirty Years War
What spaces were places for intellectual exchange in the Enlightenment
The Public Sphere - Salons & Coffeehouses
What religious order of women founded schools to educate girls during the Counter-Reformation?
Ursuline Sisters
What royal couple took the English throne during the Glorious Revolution?
Thomas Hobbes argued that people need a strong ruler to prevent chaos and violence. What was the name of his work and its meaning?
The Leviathan - a giant sea monster from the Bible, which Hobbes used as a metaphor for an all-powerful government
What 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territories?
The belief in a distant, non-interventionist Creator who set the universe in motion is called what?
Deism