Europeans Explore Overseas
True/False Columbus was the first European to reach India.
False
Why did Europeans want to explore?
luxury goods like cloves, cinnamon, and pepper
wealth and power
spread Christianity
What was the Columbian Exchange?
the exchange of plants and animals across the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
True/False Hernan Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs because he formed alliances with groups that were defeated by the Aztecs.
True
What was the Middle Passage?
The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas
What were the first 2 European powers to explore the seas?
Portugal and Spain
What was one significant technological advancement that aided European exploration?
astrolabe
more accurate maps and charts of the oceans
caravel
What was one good that moved from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas?
Wheat
Barley, oats
Rice
Sugarcane
Olives
Peaches, pears, grapes
Okra, cabbage, spinach, turnips
Cabbage
Spinach
Turnips
Mustard
Coffee
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Horses
Goats
Chickens
Dogs (bigger and fiercer than American)
Honeybees
Earthworms
Smallpox
Measles
Influenza
Malaria
True/False The Spanish built cities and forced the native people to adopt Spanish language, culture, and religion.
Which African leader wrote a letter to the King of Portugal to try and stop the slave trade?
King Afonso I
How did the Dutch farmers (Boers) treat the Africans that had been living in South Africa?
Poorly
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
An agreement that divided new territories between Spain and Portugal
What is one good that moved from the Americas to Afro-Eurasia?
Maize (corn)
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes
Cassava (manioc)
Vanilla
Peanuts
Tobacco
Beans (several types)
Squash
Tomatoes
Chili peppers
Cocoa
Pineapple
Turkeys
What were encomiendas?
Lands granted to Spaniards and all the people living there had to provide labor or tribute in taxes
How many slaves were estimated to be taken from Africa in a year by the 1780s?
80,000
What was the Northwest Passage?
A route through North America to connect the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean trade
Why is Ferdinand Magellan significant?
He was the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe
What advantage did the Spanish conquistadors have over the Native Americans?
Advanced technology and weaponry
What was one kingdom or empire in Africa that profited from the slave trade?
Oyo
Asante
What was transported from Africa to the Americas and Europe during the Triangular Trade?
Ivory, gold, and slaves
Why did Europeans want to reach the Moluccas?
Spices
What was the primary motivation for Spanish conquistadors in the Americas?
Wealth and power
How did European traders get slaves?
Relied on local African rulers and traders to bring captives—usually from other African nations—to coastal trading posts.
Where were most slaves from Africa taken to?
The Caribbean + Brazil