Plate Tectonics
First proposed the hypothesis of continental drift and suggested that Earth's continents have moved over time.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
Best describes magma composition.
What is a mixture of molten rock, mineral crystals, and gases?
The primary cause of most earthquakes.
What is movement along faults?
The balance between gravitational force on crustal mass and mantle buoyancy.
What is isostasy?
The tool that revolutionized our understanding of ocean floor features.
What is the magnetometer?
The primary driving force behind plate tectonic movement.
What is mantle convection currents?
The majority of Earth's volcanoes typically form where.
Where is at plate boundaries?
Type of stress that causes a material to twist.
What is Shear Stress?
They formed when a continental fragment and volcanic arc attached to ancestral North America.
What is how the Appalachian Mountains formed?
Type of structural failure that occurs when ground floor supporting walls fail, causing upper floors to collapse.
What is Pancaking?
At a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate, what happens.
What is the oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate?
Characterizes volcanoes formed at divergent boundaries.
What is they are nonexplosive and release large amounts of magma?
Number of seismic stations required to accurately pinpoint an earthquake's epicenter.
What is 3 stations?
Occurs during continental-continental convergence.
What is neither plate subducts into the mantle?
The average elevation of Earth's crust above sea level.
What is 0-1 kilometers?
3 pieces of evidence that support Wegener's continental drift hypothesis.
What is similar rock formations across continents, matching fossil patterns, the puzzle-like fit of continents?
How were the Hawaiian Islands primarily formed.
What is through hot spot volcanism?
The Richter scale measures what.
What is the energy of the largest seismic wave?
The crust rises after overlying material is removed
What is isostatic rebound?
Rock fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions
What are tephra?
The sequence that correctly describes the process of seafloor spreading.
What is magma cools, plates separate, new crust forms, old crust subducts?
An intrusive igneous rock body formed through mountain-building.
What is a pluton?
Scale that measures earthquake effects based on observed damage.
What is the Modified Mercalli scale?
Faulting, folding, metamorphism, and volcanism.
What processes are involved in orogeny?
An irregularly shaped mass covering at least 100km.
What is the defining characteristic of a batholith?