Foundations of Collective Rights
These are rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canada for historical and constitutional reasons
What are collective rights?
There are this many Numbered Treaties in total across Canada.
What is 11?
Created in 1876, this act allowed the federal government to make laws regarding "Indians and Lands Reserved for Indians"
What is the Indian Act?
He was the leader of the Red River Resistance who negotiated with the Canadian government to have Métis terms met upon entering Canada.
Who is Louis Riel?
These two terms refer to a person whose first language is either English or French.
What are Anglophone and Francophone?
Collective rights recognize these groups, who are considered the "founding peoples" of Canada
Who are Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) and Official Language groups (Francophones and Anglophones)?
These three specific Numbered Treaties affect the province of Alberta
What are Treaties 6, 7, and 8?
The original goal of the Indian Act was to do this to First Nations people, forcing them to adopt a different culture
What is assimilate?
This was a document issued to the Métis instead of land, which could be exchanged for land or money
What is scrip?
According to the Charter, this is the only officially bilingual province in Canada
What is New Brunswick?
This 1763 document recognized First Nations' rights to land and established that the British government had to sign treaties to obtain land
What is the Royal Proclamation?
This was a primary reason many First Nations signed Treaty 6, specifically seeking the promise of medical care
What was a smallpox epidemic (and the vanishing buffalo)?
These government officials were assigned to each reserve to represent the government and make decisions for the community
Who are Indian Agents?
This landmark year saw the Métis officially recognized in Section 35 of the Constitution as an Aboriginal people with rights
What is 1982?
Sections 16 to 20 of the Charter establish the right for citizens to use English or French when dealing with this level of government.
What is the federal government?
This term describes rights that are viewed as a privilege based on a group’s history and deep roots in the country
What are inherent rights?
Under the general terms of the treaties, First Nations received these yearly sums of money
What are annuities?
This commission was organized to address the legacy of abuses inflicted on Indigenous peoples through the residential school system
What is the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC)?
In 1990, the Alberta government passed legislation providing the Métis with these eight permanent land bases
What are Métis Settlements?
This section of the Charter guarantees that a minority language population of sufficient size has the right to publicly funded schools
What is Section 23?
Unlike individual rights, which are held by every Canadian citizen and resident, these rights are held by Canadians because they belong to one of several specific groups in society
What are collective rights?
One reason the Canadian government wanted to sign Treaty 7 was to connect Alberta to British Columbia by building this
What is the railroad?
Until 1960, the Indian Act required First Nations people to give up their legal identity and Treaty rights in order to gain this democratic right
What is the right to vote?
In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled that the Métis have these two specific inherent rights because of their status as an Aboriginal people
What are hunting and fishing rights?
This Quebec law, also known as the Charter of the French Language, aims to protect and promote the French language within that province
What is Bill 101?