DNA, Genes, and Traits
What are genes?
Segments of DNA that provide specific instructions
What is the complementary strand of DNA to:
ATTGCGTAC?
TAACGCATG
Who is considered the father of modern genetics? Need full name
Fr. Gregor Mendel
What are the two types of non-mendelian genetics that we learned about?
Codominance and incomplete dominance
Which amendment provides for freedom of speech, religion, and the press?
The First Amendment
What are alleles?
Alternate versions of the same gene
What are the four nucleotides?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
How would you describe the genotype bb?
homozygous recessive
Which genotype must an organism have in order to see the expression of codominance or incomplete dominance?
Heterozygous
Which condiment was once sold as a medicinal cure for diarrhea?
Ketchup
What does the law of segregation state?
Only ONE of a parent's two alleles will be passed on to the offspring.
Describe the structure of DNA
Double helix, sugar phosphate backbone connected to nucleotides which are bonded together via hydrogen bonds
Describe the difference between dominant and recessive traits/alleles with respect to the phenotype of something.
If a dominant allele is present, it will always be expressed and block out a recessive allele. Only when there are two recessive alleles will the recessive trait show.
Describe what codominance is and provide an example
Each allele will be expressed (zebras, speckled chickens, tigers, etc.)
What is the name of Hagrid's half-brother in the Harry Potter series?
Grawp
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype are the actual alleles (instructions)
Phenotype is the expression of the trait (blue eyes)
What are the pyrimidines?
Cytosine and Thymine
If round pea pods (R) is dominant in pea plants over wrinkled pea pods (r), what would be the probability that an offspring from a mother who is RR and a father who is rr would have wrinkled pea pods?
0%
Describe what incomplete dominance is and give an example.
Both alleles are expressed by blending together (snapdragons)
What was America's first National Park?
Yellowstone
What are the 3 different allele combinations?
Homozygous, heterozygous, hemizygous
Describe the steps of DNA replication
1. DNA Helicase pulls apart double helix
2. DNA Polymerase creates complementary strands of DNA
3. Two genetically identical strands of DNA
Rudolph and Clarice have a reindeer baby. Having a black nose (R) is dominant over red nose (r) and being fuzzy (B) is dominant over short-haired (b). If Rudolph has a red nose and is homozygous fuzzy and Clarice is heterozygous black nose, heterozygous fuzzy, what’s the probability that their offspring will have a red nose and be fuzzy?
50% (8/16)
Two parents think their baby was switched in the hospital. The mother has blood type A and the father has blood type B. The child has blood type OO. Is the child actually theirs? This is an example of codominance.
Yes, if the parents have a genotype of AO x BO
What is the name of the world's hottest chili pepper?
Carolina Reaper