Origins
What was life like in pre-industrial society?
Lived and worked on farms, feudal society, high infant mortality, short life span.
People moving from the rural country side to the urban cities is called...
Urbanization
Producing huge quantities of identical goods
Mass Production
Business owners that achieved great success and massive wealth, often through unethical business practices
Robber Barrons
How does a steam engine work?
Burning coal generates heat that boils water. The captured steam moves a piston that then powers a machine.
How did the Craft System differ from the Factory System?
Small scale production, working from home, people started and finished entire projects, longer to produce but higher quality
What type of manufacturing saw the largest growth in the early Industrial Revolution?
The Textile Industry
How would you describe the working conditions of the Industrial Revolution?
Long hours, six or seven days a week, low pay, dangerous conditions, no rights
Deadliest industrial disaster in the history of New York City, 146 textile workers, mostly female, died in a high rise factory after a waste bin caught fire
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
This art movement rejected the emotions of romanticism and focused on ordinary people and viewed the world through photographic realism.
Realism
What advancements caused food production to improve, allowing for the population to quickly rise.
The Enclosure Movement, Crop Rotation, new inventions, selective breeding.
Samuel Morse is associated with the invention of which communication breakthrough that played a crucial role in the rapid transmission of information during the Industrial Revolution?
The Telegraph
Machine made, identical, easily assembled and exchanged
Interchangeable Parts
Journalists, writers, and photographers exposed the dark side of the Industrial Revolution
Muckrakers
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed what theory, advocating for a classless society and the abolition of private property
Communism
Where did the Industrial Revolution start and how did it spread?
England, through wealthy factory owners
What was the name of the growing wealthy class of industrialists, business owners, and overseers separated themselves from the working class
The Middle Class
How much did women and children earn during the Industrial Revolution?
Half or a quarter as much as men.
Many workers organized together into labor unions to protect the rights of workers and improve working conditions
The Labor Movement
Instead of reason, this art movement emphasized the senses, emotion, and imagination.
Romanticism
What conditions allowed the Industrial Revolution to happen when it did?
Good labor supply, access to natural resources, available capital, new markets, government support, and a mobile society
What was the name for the cramped, poorly made multi-unit buildings that many working class families lived in.
Tenement Buildings
What was the name for young girls that were sent away from their families to live in factories to send their earnings back home to their families.
Mill girls
Workers stopped working, refusing to leave to demonstrate dissatisfaction
Sit-ins
What was the problem and solution with society according to communists and socialists?
Capitalism exploited workers and they called for a revolution to seize the means of production and install a socialist government