Vocabulary
This term describes the shift from farming to factory-based economies.
What is industrialization?
This island processed most European immigrants from 1892–1924.
What is Ellis Island?
A single company controlling an entire industry.
What is a monopoly?
This tragedy led to new safety laws such as fire escapes, sprinklers, and limits on work hours.
What is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
Workers in the Haymarket, Homestead, and Pullman strikes were fighting for these improvements.
What are better wages and working conditions?
A group of workers who unite to demand better conditions.
What is a labor union?
Immigrants detained for weeks or months—mostly from Asia—were held at this location.
What is Angel Island?
This business strategy involves buying out competing companies that produce the same goods.
What is horizontal integration?
This photographer exposed child labor to inspire reforms.
Who is Lewis Hine?
This type of business owner uses sketchy business practices to obtain their wealth.
What is a robber baron?
A person who comes to live permanently in another country.
What is an immigrant?
Belief that native-born Americans were superior to immigrants.
What is nativism?
A business strategy where a company controls every step of the supply chain.
What is vertical integration?
This author exposed the filthy conditions in meatpacking plants in The Jungle.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
This type of business owner believes in using their riches for the improvement of society.
What is a captain of industry?
The era from 1870–1900 marked by wealth on the surface and problems underneath.
What is the Gilded Age?
These factors, like famine or persecution, pushed immigrants out of their homelands.
What are push factors?
This business giant controlled 90% of the oil industry.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This 1906 law made it illegal to sell foods or drugs with harmful ingredients or false labels.
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
This journalist and photographer exposed harsh conditions in New York City tenements in How the Other Half Lives.
Who is Jacob Riis?
The long-term movement of people from rural areas to cities.
What is urbanization?
These factors, like jobs and freedom, encouraged immigrants to come to the U.S.
What are pull factors?
This steel tycoon preached the “Gospel of Wealth.”
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This political party of mostly farmers pushed for a graduated income tax.
What is the Populist Party?
This term describes the idea that everyone deserves enough income for food, clothing, shelter, and dignity.
What is a living wage?