Colonization
What was the importance of Imperialism for European/American Powers
1)European/American powers gathered up colonies and resources to power their industrial revolutions
2)New colonies opened up new markets and more/better goods
3)Having colonies increased a nations pride, power, prestige
What were some of the Long-term reasons for WW1?
M: Militarism: Countries begun building up their military
A: Alliances: Countries started creating alliances to help protect one another in case of war
I: Imperialism: Countries continued to fight over colonies and resources across the globe
N: Nationalism: A feeling of Nationalism began to sweep across the world
What occurred red in the early parts of the Western Front during WW1?
-Germany plan - The Schieffen Plan, which called for the quick defeat of France. Invade through Belgium to the West BEFORE heading East to fight Russia. THIS DIDNT HAPPEN
-Trenches/defenses were quickly built and it became the Western Front
How was isolationism affecting U.S. involvement in WW1?
-President Wilson tried to practice isolationism during WW1
-Many Americans were immigrants, BUT due to economic investments in Europe, Wilson had to eventually get involved.
Looking at the aftermath of WW1, what were some major effects of the nations involved?
1)Roughly 8.5 million soldiers and 13 million civilians died during WW1 -WW1 led to the spread of the Spanish Flu, which led to 500 million people worldwide contracted
2)The Soviet Union (Russian Revolution), Yugoslavia (Slavic Nations), + Weimar Republic (Germany) are formed -Ottoman + Austria-Hungary are dissolved -Nationalism grows around the world
3)The US is "untouched" by WW1 and becomes a global superpower. -The Central Powers, especially Germany, suffers greatly due to victory conditions -European countries struggle with revolutions and independence movements
According to the "White Man's Burden," what were the arguments for Imperialism/Colonization?
1)Rudyard Kiplings "White Man's Burden" shows the belief of "White" racial superiority ro "uncivilized" colonies
2)Europeans/Americans believed they were helping "civilize" these countries
3)Colonizing countries usually ruled with brutal authority
Why did the Balkan's become a "Powder-Keg?"
1)The Balkans had ethnic groups such as the Serbians, Romanians, Bulgarians, and Albanians all wanted independence
2)Serbia had a large Slavic population and hoped to absorb all the Slavs into its nation
3)Austria-Hungary also ruled many Slavs and felt threatened
4)Russia, also being Slavs, encouraged the Slavic nationalism/independence in the Balkans
What occurred red in the early parts of the Eastern Front during WW1
-More mobil war, because if there being more land to defend/attack
-The Eastern Front drained the Central Powers of resource/soldiers away from the Western Front
-The Russian Revolution in 1917 against the Russian monarchy "essentially" ended the fighting with a peace agreement with Germany
How was the U.S. getting involved?
Sinking of the Lusitania - A U-boat sunk the Lusitania killing 1,195 people including 128 Americans which strained relationships between Germany and the neutral U.S. -Fueled anti-German sentiment in the U.S. -Pushed U.S. to send troops to Europe and WW1
The Convoy System - the U.S. would send groups of ships to give aid, weapons, and material to Britain -Helped keep the Allies alive during WW1
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - The Germans sunk ANY enemy ships on their way to Britain. Hunted ships in "Wolf Packs" that devastated shipping. -Goal : defeat Britain BEFORE the U.S. could join WW1
The Zimmerman Telegram - German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman sent a letter to the German Minister to Mexico, offering U.S. territory to Mexico in return for helping Germany fight the U.S.
How did the Treaty of Versailles shape WW1 and WW2?
The War Guilt Clause - Germany had to ADMIT FULL responsibility for starting the war and all the damage that ensued, but had little say in the negotiations. -Attacked German pride
Reparations - Germany had to pay $32 Billion for the damage due to the war -German economy was destroyed and people suffered (like the Great Depression) -Germany lost ALL colonies and some of its own land to France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland
During the "Scramble for Africa" what were some of the causes and effects?
1)Europeans dominated Africa tribes *(not countries) with superior weapons, technologies, and medical advances
2)Countries used Social Darwinism as the belief that the strong countries have a right to take advantage of weaker ones
3)Berlin Conference of 1884/1885: Europeans countries ended their fights and "partitioned" Africa, with NO African countries present
Why was the Assaination of Franz Ferdinand the "Flame" that lit the Balkan Powder-Keg?
-June 28, 1914 Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrillo Princip
-July 28: Austria-Hungary declared was on Serbia
-Russia, an ally of Serbia, mobilizes for war
-Germany then declared war on Russia and then France
-Germany invades Belgium on August 4th, so Britain declares war on Germany that same day
What was happening at sea during WW1?
-Britain uses its superior navy to blockade Germany and control the seas
-Blockade = NO TRADE IN OUR OUT
-Germany responds with U-boat (submarine) attacks on ships
What was the goal of the League of Nations and what were some issues with it?
Goal: Was set up to keep world peace. Germany/Russia were not allowed to join until later. -Also took control of Germany's overseas colonies
Issues: HAD NO ARMY -The US DID NOT join
Who made up the Allied Powers?
-France, Great Britain, Russia, Serbia, United States
-many colonies and other countries helped as well
-Italy (switches to the Allies in 1915)
How did "Total War", Battle of Attrition, "No man's Land", and "Shell Shock" define trench warfare
"Total War" - When ALL parts/people in a country are involved in a war. Usually describes wars with massive devastation
Battle of Attrition - Strategy to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse and surrender
"No man's Land" - The area between opposing armies and trenches. Full of mines, obstacles, and death ...
"Shell Shock" - Earl type of PTSD that many soldiers experienced in response to the intensity of the fighting. Soldiers experience panic, fear, fight, or inability to sleep, walk, or talk
How did WW1 specifically help the United States after the war ended?
-US would also become the world power for economy, politics, and culture post-WW1
-US has to now work on civil, women, worker and veterans rights
-Leads to the "Roaring 20s" but ultimately the Great Depression in 1929
Who made up the Central Powers?
-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
WW1 Trench Warfare and Technologies
Artillery - Advanced cannons could fire shells up to 75 miles
Poison Gas - Tea, Chlorine, and Mustard gas were all used for the first time -The gases led to choking, blisters, vomiting, internal bleeding, + death
Machine Guns - Rapid-fire 600-800 rounds per minute
Airplanes and Airships - Used to scout/spy on the battlefield and could even drop bombs
Tanks - Britain/France first used in the battle of the Somme, this and future war fair
Barbed Wire - Made trench warfare longer, but not "deadly"
After WW1 how did the following factors lay the groundwork for a Second World War?
1)Germany is humiliated by the War Guilt Clause
2)Germany's economy is destroyed, so they start looking for people to blame...
3)Nobody has the power to keep Germany "in check", because they are rebuilding or in depressions