Cell Cycle Basics
Phases of Mitosis
Cell Cycle Continued
Cancer and beyond
Vocabulary
100
These are the two main stages of the cell cycle.
What are interphase and the mitotic phase?
100
This phase is characterized by the alignment of duplicated chromosomes along an imaginary plane equidistant from the cell’s poles, setting the stage for their separation.
What is metaphase?
100
A critical control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cell cycle
What is a checkpoint?
100
This type of neoplasm remains localized and lacks the invasive properties necessary for spreading to distant tissues.
What is a benign tumor?
100
The contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments forms during this process, leading to the physical separation of the cytoplasm in animal cells.
What is cytokinesis?
200
This phase of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase?
200
During this phase, the cohesin proteins binding sister chromatids are cleaved, enabling their migration to opposite poles of the cell
What is anaphase?
200
The stage of the cell cycle that this cell is in 
What is anaphase?
200
The dissemination of cancerous cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, resulting in the establishment of secondary tumors, is known by this term.
What is metastasis?
200
These identical copies of a chromosome, generated during the S phase of the cell cycle, remain connected at a specific region until they are separated during mitosis.
What are sister chromatids?
300
The mitotic spindles arise from this cell structure.
What is the centrosome?
300
This initial phase of mitosis involves the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes and the emergence of a microtubule-based structure from centrosomes
What is prophase?
300
This checkpoint checks to see if the cell has enough proteins, organelles, and nutrients in order to proceed to the next step of DNA replication
What is the G1 checkpoint?
300
The only stage of the cell cycle when you would see chromosomes
What is the M phase?
300
This less condensed form of DNA, prevalent during interphase, allows for the transcriptional activity necessary for cellular function and growth.
What is chromatin?
400
This process divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
400
DAILY DOUBLE: Label the Diagram
A: Interphase E. Prophase I. Mitosis (M phase)
B: G1 F. Metaphase J. Cytokinesis
C: S G. Anaphase
D: G2 H. Telophase
400
DAILY DOUBLE - Which of the following events does not occur during some stages of interphase?
a. DNA replication
b. organelle duplication
c. separation of sister chromatids
d. increase in cell size
separation of sister chromatids
400
These environmental agents induce changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, potentially resulting in the disruption of genes involved in cell cycle regulation.
What are carcinogens?
400
These cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation, characterized by their insensitivity to regulatory signals such as anchorage dependence or density-dependent inhibition.
What are cancer cells?
500
This structure holds sister chromatids together.
What is the centromere?
500
Label these stages/phases occurring in the picture 
Interphase - no chromosomes visible
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
500
This specific checkpoint mechanism verifies the fidelity of DNA replication, ensuring that damaged or incomplete genetic material does not proceed to mitosis.
What is the G2 checkpoint?
500
The difference between Stage 1 and Stage 4 cancer.
What is a localized confined small tumor vs. spread to distant organs?
500
Uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations in these types of genes can lead to cancer.
What are oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes?