Rocks
Heat
Density
Misc.
Earth
100
Imagine a metamorphic rock that has been subjected to intense heat and pressure. Over time, it gets pulled underground with a tectonic plate that is sinking beneath another plate along a convergent boundary. The rock melts as it goes deeper; then the molten rock rises up and seeps out of a crack in the ocean floor and hardens. What type of rock is it now?
Igneous
100
The sun produces electromagnetic waves that reach and warm Earth. Which process describes the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves from the sun to Earth?
Radiation
100
Otis wanted to determine the density of a wooden block. He made the measurements shown below. Otis knew he could use these measurements to calculate the amount of space occupied by the block.
What else must Otis determine in order to calculate the density of this block?
Its mass
100
Imagine that your school science fair requires you to do an experiment. You decide to research weathering of rocks. What scientific investigations would meet your school’s requirement?
using three samples of the same kind of rock, place one rock in lemon juice, one in vinegar, and one in orange juice to observe how different types of acids affect the speed of weathering
100
Earth is composed of many metallic elements. Which layer of Earth contains the greatest amounts of dense, solid iron and nickel?
Inner core
200
Certain rocks contain minerals that are easily dissolved by water. This is why rain, especially acid rain, can break down rock. Of what process in the rock cycle is this an example?
Chemical weathering
200
Energy can be transferred as heat in many ways. Describe energy transfer by convection
by air moving from low elevations near Earth’s surface to higher elevations in the atmosphere
200
Lucy wanted to determine the density of a colorful stone that she had picked up on the beach. Which two properties must Lucy measure in order to calculate the density of the stone?
mass and volume
200
Heat from a fireplace is transferred out to the room it faces. How does the heat from the fireplace transfer out to the room?
Radiaiton
200
Earth is made up of several layers. Which layer is hottest?
Inner core
300
A sedimentary rock was exposed to heat and pressure deep within Earth. The rock changed to metamorphic rock. Over a long time, it was exposed at Earth’s surface. How did this metamorphic rock reach Earth’s surface?
Weathering and erosion caused the metamorphic rock to become exposed.
300
Conduction is one way in which energy in the form of heat is transferred through the Earth system. Describe how conduction causes magma to heat the surrounding rock inside Earth
Molecules of magma collide with molecules of rock and transfer energy as heat.
300
Derek mixed two liquids. One liquid was black, and the other liquid was clear. The illustration below shows what happened after Derek mixed the two liquids and allowed them to stand for 10 minutes.
what happened when the two liquids were mixed?
the liquids have different densities
300
What would increase the validity of results obtained by a scientist who has already repeated an experiment several times?
Other scientists repeating the experiment
300
Earth’s mantle plays an important role in plate tectonics. Why is the mantle so important to this process?
Temperature differences in the mantle set up convection currents that help to drive the movement of the plates.
400
The formation of sedimentary rock is a multi step process. Is folding apart of the multistep process?
NO
400
The temperature of Earth’s atmosphere varies. Describe how the air in contact with Earth’s surface is warmed
Air is warmed by the conduction of energy as heat from Earth’s surface.
400
A golf ball and a ping-pong ball are about the same size. In other words, they have about the same volume. However, a golf ball has more mass than a ping-pong ball. What can you conclude from this information?
A golf ball has a greater density than a ping-pong ball.
400
A volcano is a complex and dangerous system. A scientist wants to study how the forces generated by an erupting volcano affect how far soot and ash are thrown from the volcano, without studying the system directly. What method should the scientist use to conduct the research?
Construct a model of a volcano and use it to conduct an experiment.
400
The mantle is part of Earth’s interior. Where in Earth’s interior is the mantle located?
between the lithosphere and the outer core
500
Metamorphic rocks form from preexisting rocks. What would NOT occur in the process of metamorphic rock formation?
Igneous rock is broken down and transported.
500
Convection is thought to be one way in which heat is transferred within and between the layers below Earth's surface. Describe Convection within the earths layers
The hot rock material flows upward in a cyclical motion, cools, and sinks.
500
The table below lists the density of various liquids.
Assume that you have 100 mL of each liquid. Which liquid would have the greatest mass in this volume?
Corn Syrup
500
A student is investigating which brand of sunscreen protects skin the best from sun damage. Why should the student make sure that the experiment could be repeated by others?
The outcome is not reliable unless others can repeat the experiment and get similar results.
500
Where is the lithosphere located?
The upper part of the mantle and its crust