Organelles
What are mitochondria and what do they produce?
Powerhouse of the cell. Produce ATP/Energy
Why is AUG considered the most important codon in the mRNA strand?
What is the result of transcription? (the output)
What are the inputs and outputs of Translation
mRNA goes in proteins come out.
Where does mutations occur DNA or RNA
DNA
What are lysosomes?
Organelles that break down and recycle waste within the cell
DNA to mRNA, the nucleus.
During transcription the base pairs of DNA are used as a template to create RNA. The pairing rules are the same as DNA replication with one exception. What is that exception?
in DNA replication Adenine pairs with thymine and in Transcription (Building an RNA strand from a segment of DNA) Adenine pairs with Uracil.
RNA DNA
A<->U A<->T
C<->G C<->G
What are the three types of RNA
tRNA
rRNA
what is the mutation that involves changing one nitrogen base?
Substitution or Point mutation
what are ribosomes and what do they produce?
organelles that produce proteins
What is translation and where does it occur?
mRNA to protein. Cytoplasm.
Where does Transcription take place and WHY?
The nucleus because DNA cannot leave the nucleus and Transcription is making RNA from segments of DNA.
what do codons represent or code for?
Amino acids
what is the mutation that involves inserting or deleting a nitrogen base?
What is cytoplasm?
It is the gooey center of the cell that holds organelles in place and helps give shape to the cell.
What molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
tRNA
CANDY QUESTION!!!!!!
What are three differences between DNA vs RNA? I will only take the MOST CORRECT ANSWER.
DNA is double stranded. RNA is single stranded.
DNA uses Deoxyribose as its sugar, RNA uses Ribose
In DNA, A pairs with T and in RNA A pairs with U
what is an anticodon and what is it used for? Best answer wins.
anticodon are the nitrogen bases attached to tRNA that pair with codons to hold amino acids in the correct sequence
Look at the following mutation and determine what the mutation is and whether it is Missense, Nonsense or Silent
T A C G G A T T T A C T G C T Orginal
T A C G G A T T T A C T G A T Mutated
Point and silent mutation
Original results
AUG CCU AAA UGA CGA
Met Pro Lys Stop doesn't matter after stop codon.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Organelle that sorts and packages proteins for secretion.
Two hormones have the same number of amino acids but different sequences. Using your knowledge of proteins, explain why they perform different jobs in the body.
Different amino acid sequences = different folding patterns, so the proteins have different shapes and therefore different functions.
The Empire jams (stops) all signals between the nucleus and ribosomes in a clone trooper’s cells.
Which molecule can no longer travel out of the nucleus and what happens to the trooper’s protein production?
mRNA , Protein production stops. (they die)
How does the changes in the amino acid sequence physically affect the protein.
The amino acid sequence affects the way it is folded or shaped, which affects the function
CANDY QUESTION!!!!
A DNA strand and its mutated version are shown below. Identify the type of mutation AND explain how it changes the amino acid sequence.
Original DNA:
TACTTGGACGGTATC
Mutated DNA:
TACTTGGTACGGTATC
Original DNA codons: TAC TTG GAC GGT ATC
mRNA: AUG AAC CUG CCA UAG
Amino acids: Met – Asn – Leu – Pro – STOP
Mutated DNA codons after insertion:
TAC TTG GTA CGG TAT C...
mRNA: AUG AAC CAU GCC AUA...
Amino acids: Met – Asn – His – Ala – Ile…