Chapter 12
This is a pathway that carries information towards the brain.
What is sensory pathway?
This is the process of converting a stimulus into an electrical signal.
What is transduction?
A reflex causes the bladder to empty after stretch receptors detect fullness.
What is the micturition reflex?
This is where light energy is converted into electrical signals.
What is phototransduction?
This is specific areas of skin supplied by sensory nerves from a single spinal nerve root.
What are dermatomes?
This is the major ascending pathway that has receptors on internal organs.
What is the viscerosensory pathways?
This reflex helps maintain balance by activating muscles on the opposite side of the body. with the help of withdrawal reflex.
What is the crossed-extensor reflex?
This is nervous system that causes " rest and digest".
What is parasympathetic nervous system?
This is a special structure that absorbs photopsin and cells in the retina that color vision and sharp vision in light.
What are cones?
This is where sensory nerve signals from certain viscera are perceived as originating not from the organ, but from somatic sensory receptors within the skin and skeletal muscles.
What is referred pain?
This is a tract that travels from cortex to spinal cord first without synapsing in the brainstem and gives arrives at skeletal muscles.
What is corticospinal tract?
This is receptors there is limited production, has pain and proprioceptors and is " always on"
What is tonic recptors?
A neuron releases norepinephrine onto a target organ, causing a physiological response.
What is adrenergic sympathetic postganglionic neuron?
This is where visual cortex fuses the slightly different images from the two eyes, providing us with three-dimensional vision.
What is depth perception?
When a person feels pain, this is the receptor that detects pain in the body from any organ.
What are nociceptors?
What is the pathway that uses three neurons and sends sensory information about touch, pressure, pain, and temp.
What is the spinothalamic pathway?
This is the next step in the reflex arc that happens after the afferent impulse travel from the spinal cord and synapse occur with motor neurons and interneurons. (Hint: This is where it's excitatory sensory)
What are motor neurons send activating impulses to the muscles, causing it to contract.
This is the type of neuron that releases NE, has most sympathetic postganglionic neurons as this type, and has alpha and beta receptors for NE.
What is adrenergic neurons?
This is the step in sound pathways after auditory ossicles vibrate and pressure is amplified
What are pressure waves created by stapes pushing on oval window, move fluid through in the scala vestibuli?
What is sympathetic nervous system?
This is a neuron that is an interneuron and carries information from primary neuron to tertiary neuron or cerebellum.
What is a secondary neuron?
This is a receptor that detects change in:
- Taste receptors
-Receptors in blood vessels that monitor carbon dioxide levels in blood.
What is chemoreceptors?
This is what ACh binds to.
What is nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
These are all the tastants that tongues can recognize
What are : sour, salt, savory, bitter , and unami?
This is the condition where a person's eyeball is the right size and has normal vision.
What is emmetropia?