Mitosis in Motion
Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell during this phase.
What is metaphase?
This specific part of interphase is when DNA is copied.
What is S phase?
This type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
The basic repeating unit of DNA is called a _____.
What is a nucleotide?
The overall flow of genetic information in cells follows this sequence.
What is DNA → RNA → protein?
A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies an amino acid is called a _____.
What is a codon?
Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles during this stage.
What is anaphase?
A tumor that does not spread beyond its original location is described as _____.
What is benign?
Homologous chromosomes separate during this specific meiotic stage.
What is anaphase I?
The sugar found in DNA but not RNA is _____.
What is deoxyribose?
The process of making RNA from a DNA template is called _____.
What is transcription?
This complementary three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA pairs with an mRNA codon.
What is an anticodon?
This phase is characterized by spindle formation and chromosome condensation.
What is prophase?
A drug that prevents microtubule function would be most effective at stopping cancer cells during this phase of the cell cycle.
What is mitosis (specifically metaphase/prophase)?
This division reduces chromosome number and produces gametes.
What is meiosis?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this direction.
What is 5′ to 3′?
This enzyme builds RNA during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
Translation begins when this specific codon is positioned in the ribosome’s P site. (Be specific)
What is the (AUG)?
The nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes begin to decondense during this stage.
What is telophase?
Normal cells stop dividing when they touch neighboring cells; this property is called _____.
What is density-dependent inhibition?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis results in this error.
What is nondisjunction?
This model explains why each new DNA molecule contains one original strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
This RNA molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
This stage of translation involves peptide bond formation and ribosome movement along the mRNA.
What is elongation?
A “figure-8” shaped cell with a pinched middle is most likely undergoing this process.
What is cytokinesis?
Cancer cells often ignore signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing, including these molecules.
What are growth factors?
Daily Double: This process increases genetic diversity by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
Having multiple origins of replication helps eukaryotic cells do this more efficiently.
What is speed up DNA replication?
Daily Double: Before leaving the nucleus, eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding these structures.
What are a 5′ cap and poly-A tail?
Daily Double: Translation ends when the ribosome encounters one of these codons, which do not code for an amino acid.(list two out of three for credit)
What are UAA, UGA, UAG