Classical Conditioning
The stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
Neutral stimulus
This is John Garcia's discovery that we avoid foods that make us sick
Taste Aversion
We tend to repeat behaviors followed by a reward, but decrease behaviors followed by a punishment. This is called the:
Law of Effect
What type of neuron is activated in your brain during observational learning?
Tolman's Maze-Running Rats' experiment discovered that rats (and humans!) create a mental representation/layout of their environment. This is called:
Cognitive Mapping
Unlearned, learned
Little Albert's fear response was extended to things similar to the white rat, like a coat or a bunny. This is called:
Generalization
Our childhood "hot-cold" game rewards you each time you get closer to your goal. This is an example of:
Shaping
Draw an example of observational learning in the real world. Provide a short description or explanation as to why this would be observational and not another type of learning!
Responses may vary!
Kohler's Smart Chimp experiment allowed us to see an "aha!" moment firsthand. This is called:
Insight or Insight learning
Identify the CS and CR of Pavlov's Dog's Experiment
Metronome, Salivation
The initial stage of pairing the NS and US together (ex. daily scale + fire alarm)
Acquisition
This is the name of the psychologist who coined the term "operant conditioning" after his operant chamber experiment
B.F. Skinner
What is the difference between antisocial and prosocial behavior?
Antisocial: negative, harmful or unhelpful
Prosocial: positive, constructive or helpful
The concept of learned helplessness came from which psychological experiment? (You must get the last name of the psychologist AND what we call the experiment)
Seligman's Depressed Dogs
Identify the UCS and UCR in the Little Albert Experiment
Loud Noise, Crying or Fear
Over time, if we stop pairing two stimuli, the conditioned response diminishes (ex. Pavlov's Dogs wouldn't salivate as much if they stopped pairing the tone with food) This is called:
Extinction
Identify which type of reinforcement or punishment is used in the following example AND explain how you know:
Coach Narcho read through the basketball grade sheets on Friday. Since all the boys on her team were passing each class, she gave them the weekend off - no practice!
Negative (taking away practice, something they don't want)
Reinforcement (to increase their behavior of doing well in school)
Describe Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment and their findings.
This study found that children imitate or mimic the same behaviors as adults in the room, especially with aggressive behaviors toward the Bobo Doll. The result was our concept of observational learning!
When we believe what happens to us is within our control and due to our own actions (ex. I worked hard for this, so I've earned it!), it is called ____________;
and if we believe what happens to us is out of our control and due to someone or something else (ex. I just got lucky!), it is called _______________.
Internal locus of control;
External locus of control
Jayden's a social butterfly and loves to make new friends. It brings him happiness when his friends reach out to him or when he's included in social activities. He recently got a new phone for his birthday. Every time his phone 'dings' with a notification, he immediately checks it. He has a new happiness for having a quicker way to socialize. It's like his brain is releasing dopamine every time his phone dings!
Identify the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR for this example.
UCS - social activities
UCR - happiness
NS - phone notification or 'ding'
CS - phone notification or 'ding'
CR - happiness
If a light flashed in the hallway about 5 seconds before the bell rang at school, we would successfully condition you to get up at the sight of the light. When we have a new conditioned stimulus, this is called:
Higher-Order Conditioning
Identify the schedule of reinforcement described in the following scenario AND explain how you know!
Ben checks his Instagram frequently to see how many likes he got on his most recent post.
Variable (sometimes he will have more likes when he checks, sometimes not)
Ratio (checking IG is a behavior, number of responses)
Your brother got in trouble for leaving his window cracked at night, causing the heat to escape. His aunt is worried about the electric bill going up!
Identify what you would learn from this AND which concept best describes learning from other's consequences.
You won't leave your window cracked at night; Vicarious Learning/Conditioning
Problem-Focused: changing the stressor directly, working step by step through it
Emotion-Focused: avoiding or ignoring the stressor, attending to our emotional needs instead