Psychological Approaches & Resarch Methods
A field of study which believes that psychology can only be based on observable, quantifiable behaviors and responses.
What is Behaviorism?
The stimulus that hasn’t been associated with anything and doesn’t engage a response
What is a Neutral Stimulus (NS)
A form of conditioning which uses reward and punishment to influence behavior.
What is operant conditioning
Edward Tolman discovered this type of learning when he ran an experiment where rats learned the layout of a maze and completed it really fast when there was a reward.
What is Latent Learning?
Something that triggers your brain to remember. Includes chunking, rhymes, etc...
What is a Mnemonic Device?
The psychological approach in this scenario:
A researcher compares the brain of a schizophrenic twin to that of their neurotypical sibling.
What is Biological Approach?
Something that causes a learned response, only after association with another stimulus.
What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Turning off your alarm when you wake up in the morning is...
What is negative reinforcement?
Clare watches her mom cook pasta. One day when her mom isn't home, Clare cooks the pasta herself. This is an example of...
What is Observational Learning?
An Ah Ha moment is an example of this type of learning.
What is Insight Learning?
The psychological appraoch being used:
A psychologist believes that a person's behavior is connected to their feelings and self-image, that they are capable of change and can reach their full potential.
What is the humanistic approach?
BONUS! Answer the following...
See Ms. Lu
You send your pen pal postcards. You wait to get postcards from your friend. This reinforcement schedule is...
What is Variable Interval?
This type of learning happens when you walk away from a problem and do other things, then suddenly have a realization
What is Insight Learning?
What are Analytic, Creative, and Practical Intelligence?
A psychologist associated with the psychodynamic approach, who believes our behavior is influenced by our unconscious mind, including repressed memories from childhood.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
A dog that was conditioned to bark upon hearing a beeping noise may broaden that behavior to similar sounds, such as tapping and clicking noises.
What is Generalization?
Removing a positive stimulus in response to an undesirable behavior.
What is negative punishment
A permanent change as a result of experience; building onto knowledge
What is Learning?
A student with this mindset sees a low test score and starts thinking about ways they can improve their study habits, instead of feeling discouraged and stupid.
What is growth mindset?
What psychological approach is being used:
A psychologist treats depression by targeting the thought processes of his patient.
What is the Cognitive Approach?
Matt lives in a house VERY near train tracks. Whenever the train rumbles by pots fall off the shelves, which he catches by sticking his hands out. The train always blows its horn before it goes by. Now, whenever even a car horn blows it causes Matt to reflexively stick out his hand.
(Name the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR)
What are:
UCS -> things falling
UCR -> sticking out hand
NS -> train horn
CS -> train horn
CR -> sticking out hand
This reinforcement schedule best describes slot machines
What is variable ratio?
Janet is used to getting bad grades in school. She gets a new teacher, a new environment, and new content that she can learn. However, she chooses not to study because she feels like she has already given up. This is an example of...
What is learned helplessness?
The fear that one's actions will confirm a negative belief about their social group, leading to anxiety and worse performance.
What is stereotype threat?