RNA
What type of RNA is responsible for building the polypeptide chain?
rRNA
What are the 4 enzymes involved in DNA replication called?
helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase
DNA is made up of what 3 things?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
What is the overall goal of transcription?
to create mRNA by using DNA as a template
unlikely because the virus is rapidly evolving through mutations.
What type of RNA is responsible for matching anticodons with mRNA codons?
tRNA
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
Because one strand is conserved and one strand is new
What nitrogenous base does DNA have that RNA does not have?
Thymine
If two different codons code for the same amino acid, is there a difference if one is used instead of the other?
No because they code for the same amino acid, so the amino acid will be the same
transcribing a message from DNA and moving it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
helicase is responsible for...?
unziping DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases
What is one similarity between DNA and RNA?
they are both nucleic acids, they both have G,C,A, they both have a phosphate and sugar
How does your body know which amino acids to use when creating a polypeptide chain?
tRNA anticodons match with mRNA codons and transfer the correct amino acid in the process
If a stop codon is mistakenly placed halfway through the creation of a protein, what will happen?
the amino acid chain will stop and the protein will not be made
Why must mRNA be made in the nucleus?
because it uses DNA as a template and DNA cannot leave the nucleus
Why is DNA replication important?
So DNA and instructions can be passed onto new cells as they get created
transcribe the DNA code into mRNA:
ATA-GAC-TGT
UAU-CUG-ACA
a polypeptide chain is the equivalent of what?
a protein
If a mutation occurs and an amino acid is deleted from a polypeptide chain, what will happen?
the protein will be mutated/messed up
what are 2 differences between DNA and RNA?
Uracil vs Thymine, Single vs Double stranded, ribose vs deoxyribose, cytoplasm vs nucleus
How do Okazaki Fragments get created?
DNA polymerase can only move in one direction, so on the lagging strand it has to keep backtracking and catching up, leaving fragments.
what is the purpose of DNA?
to transmit genetic information
why are start and stop codons essential for protein synthesis?
without them, your body would not know when to start or stop making an amino acid chain and you would not get the necessary proteins
If a virus experiences a mutation where the host is only infectious for 4 hours, how likely is it that this virus will spread rapidly?
unlikely because the infection time is short