Medieval Christianity
In the late Middle Ages, the sale of these for the remission of temporal punishment for sins became a major target of criticism for the Protestant reformers:
Indulgences
Which of the Five Solas says that Christians should look to the Bible, not church tradition, as the sole guide for what to believe and how to practice their faith?
Scripture alone (sola scriptura)
Who initiated the English Reformation by breaking away from the Catholic Church over the issue of his annulment, leading to the establishment of the Church of England?
Henry VIII
In Catholic theology, what is the name of the place of final purification for those who have died “in God’s friendship” but still need to be cleansed of their attachment to sin in order to be ready for the full glory of heaven?
Purgatory
Which Protestant denomination, associated with the teachings of John Calvin and "Reformed theology," is named after a form of church government where elders rule?
Presbyterianism
Which theologian, known for his work Summa Theologiae, synthesized faith and reason through Scholasticism and heavily incorporated the philosophy of Aristotle into Christian theology?
St. Thomas Aquinas
Which Calvinist doctrine (and the "T" in TULIP) states that every aspect of human nature has been affected by sin, leaving individuals incapable of seeking God without His intervention?
Total Depravity
Which theologian is often credited with starting the Protestant Reformation by posting his "95 Theses" in 1517, challenging Church practices such as the sale of indulgences?
Martin Luther
Which term is used in Christianity to describe a religious ritual understood to be a “visible sign of an invisible grace”?
Sacrament
Which Christian denomination, originating in England, combines elements of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, and is known for its use of the "Book of Common Prayer" and the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion?
Anglicanism
Known for embracing a life of poverty, Christian discipleship, and the imitation of Christ, this saint from Assisi founded the "Order of Friars Minor"
St. Francis
Which of the Five Points of Calvinism (the "L" in TULIP) teaches that Christ’s sacrifice is only intended for the elect and does not extend to all people?
Limited Atonement
Which Protestant Reformer, based in Geneva, wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion and developed the theological tradition known as Reformed Theology, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God?
Jean Calvin
What latin term refers to the Anglican Church's approach of seeking a "middle way" between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, particularly in theology and liturgy?
via Media
Which Christian denomination emphasizes believer’s baptism, religious liberty, the autonomy of the local church, and rejects the idea of sacraments in favor of "ordinances"?
Baptists
What was the principle of Renaissance Humanism that influenced the Reformers’ study of scripture in the original languages?
ad fontes ("to the sources")
Which of the "Five Solas" of the Reformation emphasizes that salvation is a gift from God, not earned by human effort or merit?
Grace alone (sola gratia)
Which early reformer from England advocated for translating the Bible into English and criticized the wealth and power of the medieval Church, which inspired later Protestant reformers and earned him the title “Morning Star of the Reformation”?
John Wycliffe
Which Sacrament of the Catholic Church strengthens a baptized person with the gifts of the Holy Spirit and marks their full initiation into the Church?
Confirmation
Which form of church governance (polity), meaning "governed by bishops," is practiced in traditions such as Anglicanism and Methodism?
Episcopalian
Which practice involved the buying and selling of church offices, leading to incompetence and corruption among the clergy?
Simony
Which of the Five Points of Calvinism (the "U" in TULIP) teaches that God predestines certain individuals for salvation based on His sovereign will, without regard to any actions or merits of the individual?
Unconditional Election
This early reformer from Bohemia (modern day Czech Republic) criticized the moral failings of the clergy and corrupt practices in the Catholic Church, and was executed for heresy at the Council of Constance in 1415?
Jan Hus
Which sacrament, one of the seven recognized in certain Christian traditions, ordains individuals to serve as deacons, priests, or bishops?
Holy Orders
Which Protestant denomination, founded by John Wesley as a renewal movement in the Church of England, emphasizes the Wesleyan Quadrilateral and practices such as hymn singing and open communion?
Methodism