Attribution Theory
Assigns the cause of behavior to internal characteristics of a person such as personality traits
Dispositional attribution
___________is our tendency to attribute our own success to personal characteristics and our own failures to external forces.
Self-serving bias
This theorist developed the theory of Cognitive Dissonance.
Leon Festinger
Sigmund Freud said that personality is regulated by the mind’s three interacting systems: the id, ego and superego. This is the driving personality system behind the pleasure principle and instant gratification.
Id
This occurs when people feel less responsibility to take the right action when other people are present.
Diffusion of Responsibility
Attribution can also be distinguished between ____ (the behavior is due to unchanging factors)
Stable
According to the __________, we attribute the causes of behavior differently based on whether we are the actor or the observer.
Actor-observer bias
It is the feeling of discomfort or unease that results from two conflicting actions or beliefs.
Cognitive Dissonance
Sigmund Freud said that personality is regulated by the mind’s three interacting systems: the id, ego and superego. This one follows the reality principle and negotiates between desires of the id and realistic limitations
Ego
This occurs when individuals do not put in as much effort when acting as part of a group as they do when acting alone.
Social Loafing
Attribution can also be ------- (the behavior is due to changing factors)
________ is our tendency to overestimate the extent to which our own opinions, beliefs, preferences, and values are typical of others
False Consensus Effect
The _______ explains how people change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages.
elaboration likelihood model
This defense mechanism involves shifting aggression toward someone/something other than the cause of the feelings
Displacement
This obedience study showed that 65% of people would administer lethal shocks if given orders by a percieved authority figure.
Milgram Obedience Study
Assigns the cause of behavior to external factors
Situational
A ________ is the phenomenon in which an expectation or prediction comes true simply because we believe it will come true (and act as if it is already true).
Self-fulfilling Prophesy
This type of persuasion requires a lot of thought and involves deep processing of the content. It is more likely to result in a lasting change in attitude.
Central Route
This defense mechanism involves assigning your own thoughts/feelings to another person
Projection
This study demonstrated that people are likely to conform if a large number of people in agreement.
Asch Conformity Study
The ________ is the tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors in the behavior of others.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The ______ effect is the tendency we have to overestimate how much other people notice about us.
Spotlight
This is the tendency of people to feel obligated to return favors after people do favors for them.
Norm of Reciprocity
This defense mechanism involves behaving opposite to how you truly feel
Reaction formation
__________ occurs when individual performance is enhanced by the presence of others (usually well-learned tasks) & _____________ occurs when individual performance suffers when being watched by others (usually new or difficult tasks).
Social facilitation and Social impairment