The Periodic Table
Which scientist is credited with creating the first periodic table by organizing elements by atomic mass?
Mendeleev
Which trend generally increases as you move from left to right across a period but does not include noble gases?
Electronegativity
What type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
In a Lewis structure for H2O, how many lone pairs are on the oxygen atom?
Two lone pairs
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization energy
What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?
Groups or Families
In which direction across the periodic table does atomic radius increase?
Down a group and to the left across the period
Covalent bond
Draw the Lewis structures for Cl2
See image
Describe what happens to the atomic radius of an atom when it loses an electron and forms a positive ion
The atomic radius decreases because the electron cloud shrinks due to the loss of an electron and increased attraction between the remaining electrons and nucleus.
Name the group on the periodic table that contains highly reactive nonmetals with seven valence electrons
Halogens
Explain why ionization energy tends to increase as you move across a period from left to right
As you move across the period, nuclear charge increases, attracting electrons more strongly and making it harder to remove an electron
In what type of bond are electrons "delocalized" in a "sea of electrons"
Metallic bond
What do dots around the symbol of an element in a Lewis structure represent?
Valence electrons
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Metals have free-flowing electrons in a "sea of electrons," which allows electric current to pass easily through the material.
What is the primary characteristic that modern periodic tables use to arrange elements?
Atomic number
Which element has a higher metallic character, Sodium (Na) or Magnesium (Mg)?
Sodium (Na)
Explain why ionic compounds tend to have high melting points.
Ionic bonds are strong due to the attraction between oppositely charged ions (metal + nonmetal), requiring a large amount of energy to break.
What is the Lewis structure for SO3 and the VSEPR shape?
See image
Shape: Trigonal Planar
Put the following in order of least to greatest electronegativity:
Kr, S, Si, I
Kr, I, Si, S
I am a metalloid element in the periodic table, I have 4d electrons but not 5d and I have similar chemical properties to nitrogen. Who am I?
Antimony (Sb)
Which of the following would make a larger atomic radius based on the ions they form?
Beryllium, Potassium, Boron, or Sulfur
Sulfur (-2 ion)
Describe the difference in electrical conductivity between ionic compounds in solid form versus when dissolved in water.
Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid form because ions are fixed in place, but they do conduct when dissolved because ions are free to move.
What is the Lewis structure for HSiP and give the shape
See image
Shape: Linear
How many total valence electrons are in the Lewis structure for N2 and draw the structure
10 total
See image for structure