Types of States
A single culture under a single government (Ex: Iceland, Japan, Denmark)
Nation-state
This refers to a state that places most of its power in the hands of a central government.
Unitary State
Give two examples of centripetal forces
- Good economy
- Strong government
- State shape
- National/shared history
- Shared religion/language
Former state boundaries that still have political or cultural meaning (Ex: Berlin Wall)
Relic Boundary
Formed in the 1940s with 14 European members, the U.S., and Canada. Was designed to balance the power in Europe. Also effects trade
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A population with a single culture (Ex: Japanese)
Nation
This is the term for a state that has independence from control of its internal affairs by other states.
Sovereignty
When control over developing countries is indirect and can be economic, political, or even cultural--newest form of colonialism
Neocolonialism
Lines resulting from conflict or cultural changes, such as war or migration (Ex: Ireland and Northern Ireland)
Subsequent Boundary
Only 49 nation-states signed the original charter of this organization, but because of many new nations have been created since then it has grown to 193 members by 2012. Lasted for more than 65 years.
United Nations (UN)
a nation who do not have their own independent state (Ex: The Kurds and Basques)
Stateless nations
Typical of most large states, this refers to a state that spreads most of its power to units of local government within the country.
Federal State
What was apartheid?
The geographic separation of races in South Africa
Boundary lines that exist from prehistoric times or before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place as people moved in (Ex: Jungles between Malaysia and Indonesia)
Antecedent Boundary
An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
A state with two or more nations--most states (Ex: US, Russia, England)
Multinational state
To divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections
Gerrymandering
Give two examples of centrifugal forces
- Government
- Bad economy
- Territorial disputes
- Different languages/religions
- Physical features
Boundary that is drawn by powerful outsiders (colonizers) and ignores existing cultural groups (Ex: Berlin Conference)
Superimposed Boundary
An intergovernmental organization of 13 countries that account for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's "proven" oil reserves
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Occurs when a nation of people has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states (Ex: Russia, the Koreas)
Multi-state nation
The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
Devolution
Name 3 characteristics a state needs to have
1. Sovereignty
2. Borders
3. Permanent population
4. Government
5. Economy
6. Recognition by other states
Boundary that follows a straight line or arc (Ex: 38th Parellel)
Geometric Boundary
Continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa established in 1999
African Union