Political Socialization & Core Political Values
What is the most significant agent of political socialization?
What is Family/Parents
Surveys of a sample of people used to know how the public feels about a certain issue
What is a Public Opinion Poll
Identify the three main political ideologies in the United States (that the College Board expects you to know).
What are Liberal, Conservative, and Libertarian
Which of the following best describes an element of conservative ideology?
A. Government should decrease its regulation of businesses
B. Government should increase the minimum wage
C. Government should increase taxes to provide more services
D. Government should not interfere with the right to an abortion
A. Government should decrease its regulation of businesses
Explanation: Conservative ideology typically prefers laissez-faire economic decisions, reducing the government's role in the economy
Which political ideology is not affiliated with a major political party in the United States?
A. Authoritarian
B. Liberal
C. Conservative
D. Libertarian
A. Authoritarian
Explanation: The Democrats (liberal), Republicans (conservative), and Libertarian (libertarian) party are major parties in the US, whereas there is no major party with a stated authoritarian ideology.
Name 2 other agents of political socialization.
What are (media, peers, schools, religions, etc.)
Conducted at election places during voting day to grasp popularity
What is an Exit Poll
L or C
Be tough on criminals!
What is Conservative
Which of these views is most likely to be held by a political liberal?
A. Businesses should have the freedom to make any decisions that would benefit their bottom line
B. All Americans should pay the same amount of taxes - regardless of income
C. The government should cut spending on all of its programs in times of economic crisis
D. Minimum wage laws are an important part of economic policymaking
D. Minimum wage laws are an important part of economic policymaking
Explanation: Liberal economic policy emphasizes the importance of government regulations to protect workers, like minimum wage laws.
In an effort to measure Americans’ views on the death penalty, students in a high school government class take a poll of every fifth person entering the local coffee shop from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. on a Saturday. Which of the following statements best describes the validity of the poll results?
a. The poll results are valid because respondents were selected at random.
b. The poll results are not valid because the respondents are not representative of the nation.
c. The poll results are scientific, as long as the sample size was large enough.
d. The poll results are not scientific, because the poll was not conducted by a reputable polling firm.
c. The poll results are scientific, as long as the sample size was large enough.
Values that influence individuals’ attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between citizens and the federal government.
What is Political Culture
Surveys that allow candidates to chart rise or fall in support
What is a Tracking Poll
L or C
Taxes and spending should be kept low
What is Conservative
Libertarian political ideology favors which of the following?
A. Increased government regulation of the economy
B. Decreased government regulation of the economy
C. Government restrictions on personal activities
D. Government passage of safety-net programs to protect those in need
B. Decreased government regulation of the economy
Explanation: Libertarians prefer a small government - both economically and socially - thus wanting decreased government regulation.
Which of the following poll questions is most likely to lead to a valid result, assuming the poll is taken using scientific methods?
a. Do you agree or disagree with the unjustified shooting of unarmed American citizens?
b. Do you agree that stem cell research has the potential to improve outcomes for patients suffering from cancer?
c. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?
d. Would you support a tax plan that benefits the rich at the expense of the poor?
c. Do you agree or disagree with the way Donald Trump is doing his job as president?
Experiences shared by a group of people who came of age together (generational cohorts, such as baby boomers or millennials) that affect their political attitudes; wars and economic recessions that hit one generation particularly hard have lasting effects on the political attitudes of that generation as its members progress through life
What is Generational Effect
Provide 2 examples of groups that use polling information
What are (researchers, candidates, elected officials, interest groups, and media)
L or C
More likely to support Keynesian theory for economic policy
What is Liberal
Select the pair that best represents the ideological positions of the two major parties.
Democratic Party Republican Party
D-Increase the minimum wage
R-Increase environmental regulations
D-Oppose the death penalty
R Increase taxes for the middle class
D-Protect the rights of the accused
R- Ban abortion
D-Expand school-choice programs
R- Oppose affirmative action
c. Protect the rights of the accused Ban abortion
Monetary policy, as carried out by the Federal Reserve, can include all of the following actions except:
A. Increasing the discount rate
B. Raising the reserve requirements
C. Lowering the interest rate
D. Printing additional money
D. Printing additional money
Explanation: The Federal Reserve has a variety of tools it can use to regulate monetary policy, but printing money is not something within its power - that is done by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Name 3 agents of political culture
What is (individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise, rule of law, limited government).
Provide 3 examples of potential problems with polls
What are (improper sampling techniques, too small of a sample size, biased questions, large sampling error, etc.)
Read the quote to answer the following question(s).
Our true choice is not between tax reduction, on the one hand, and the avoidance of large Federal deficits on the other. It is increasingly clear that no matter what party is in power, so long as our national security needs keep rising, an economy hampered by restrictive tax rates will never produce enough revenues to balance our budget just as it will never produce enough jobs or enough profits . . . it is a paradoxical truth that tax rates are too high today and tax revenues are too low and the soundest way to raise the revenues in the long run is to cut the rates now.
—John F. Kennedy
The quote is most consistent with which policy?
a. Command-and-control policy
b. Keynesian economics
c. Monetarism
d. Supply-side economics
d. Supply-side economics
Which of the following describes how the Federal Reserve System influences the economy?
a. The Fed raises interest rates in an attempt to increase the amount of credit available to consumers.
b. The Fed increases the amount of money in circulation in an attempt to lower inflation rates.
c. The Fed increases the reserve rate in an attempt to raise the amount of money banks keep in deposits.
d. The Fed provides Congress and the president with advice about taxing and spending levels in the budget.
c. The Fed increases the reserve rate in an attempt to raise the amount of money banks keep in deposits.
Which of the following is a constitutional criticism of tuition vouchers?
a. They violate the First Amendment because they limit freedom of expression and choice.
b. They violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because schools receive unequal funding.
c. They violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment because tax dollars go to support religious schools.
d. They violate the Fourth Amendment right of privacy because they allow schools access to financial information.
c. They violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment because tax dollars go to support religious schools