Unit 4.a
All the characteristics of a nation and a state.
Nation-state(s)
May be used synonymously for a country.
State(s)
An international boundary that is a straight line.
Geometric Boundary
An international boundary that uses physical geographic features to demarcate the border.
Physical Boundaries
The control of foreign territories for economic and political reasons.
Imperialism
A state’s authority to control its territory and govern itself.
Sovereignty
Drawing voting districts to benefit one group over another.
Gerrymandering
Koreans are considered to be part of a(n)...
Multi-State Nation
The connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land.
Territoriality
The best example of this in the world is the Kurds.
Stateless Nation(s)
Native Hawaiians are one example of this.
Nation(s)
This refers to a point of natural congestion along two wider and important navigable passages.
Choke Point(s)
Boundaries that no longer exist as an international border but remnants of its existence remain.
Relic Boundary
The Cold War caused many of these to make an appearance.
Hint: Communist vs. Capitalist
Shatterbelt Region(s)
The right of all people to govern themselves. Usually, a nation, ethnicity, or former colony wants to govern itself and establish sovereignty over its own state.
Self-Determination
An international boundary based on changes in cultural traits and the cultural landscape to demarcate the border.
Cultural Boundaries
A country that contains more than one nationality with traditions of self-determination, want or had their independence at one time.
Hint: The United Kingdom
Multi-National States
Boundaries in the natural landscape that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place as people moved in.
Antecedent Boundary
Boundaries that evolve as the cultural landscape of an area takes shape and changes as the cultural landscape changes.
Subsequent Boundary
Boundary that is drawn by powerful outsiders and ignores existing cultural groups; Often the result of imperialism and colonialism.
Superimposed Boundary
Multitude of ethnicities in some cases all contribute cultural features to the formation of a single nationality.
Hint: The United States of America
Multi-Ethnic State(s)
A buffer zone is created by treaties/agreements between two or more military powers that fall on either side of the actual boundary.
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Area(s) of a state that has some degree of independence or has the freedom to make decisions independent of oversight.
Autonomous Regions
When one ethnic group tries to eliminate other groups, it causes a unique strain on the country.
Ethnic Cleansing
A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central group.
Unitary Government
A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.
Federal Government
The breaking up of a country down ethnic lines.
Balkanization
This event was the cause for borders to be created across the continent of Africa which ignored ethnic & linguistic barriers.
The Berlin Conference
Established rights and responsibilities of states concerning ownership/usage of the seas and their resources.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Distinct ethnic groups want the opportunity to govern themselves.
Ethnic Separation
States have a right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage resources in this zone of UNCLOS.
Exclusive Economic Zone
The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.
Neocolonialism
Four necessary characteristics make up a state.
- Government (Law, Order)
- Population (People)
- Territory (Borders, Land)
- Sovereignty
A movement that seeks to claim and occupy a land that is considered to be "lost" territory from the group's past.
Irredentism
Characteristics that unify a country and provide stability.
Centripetal Forces
The 4 zones of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and how far out they go.
- Territorial Sea (12 miles)
- Contiguous Zone (12 miles)
- Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (176 miles)
- International Waters (Past 200 miles)
The movement of power from the central government to regional governments or subnational units.
Devolution
Characteristics that divide a country and create instability, conflict, and violence.
Centrifugal Forces
Boundaries that take into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape; separate groups that have distinct religions, languages, and ethnicities.
Consequent Boundary
Vertical plane(s) which cut through the subsoil and extend into airspace; Determines the limit of state sovereignty.
Political Boundaries
The purpose of the Berlin Conference.
The European nations divided Africa among themselves for colonization purposes with the intent of preventing conflict over the process.
International organization whose purpose is to maintain peace and security as well as promote economic and social development.
United Nations (UN)
Group as many votes of the opposing party as you can into just one district, so that the opposing party gets the one seat easily, but your party wins the rest.
Packing
Three or more countries work together for a common goal for economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, or a combination; usually formed when there are goals that cannot be achieved by only one country.
Supranational Organizations
European organization governing common economic, social, and security issues.
European Union (EU)
With a more globalized world, state sovereignty is being challenged by...
Devolution & Supranationalism
Scatter the opposing party into as many different districts as possible in hopes that your party can take the majority in most if not all districts.
Cracking
The six (technically seven) causes of devolution are...
- Physical Geography
- Social & Economic Disparity
- Ethnic Separation
- Ethnic Cleansing
- Terrorism
- Irredentism