Economic Reforms
This term describes a business that controls most or all of a particular industry, limiting competition.
Monopolies
Monopolies could eliminate competition and give powerful businesses significant control over prices and markets.
This amendment gave women throughout the United States the constitutional right to vote in 1920.
19th Amendment
Ratification of the 19th Amendment was a major victory for the women's suffrage movement.
These investigative journalists exposed corruption, unsafe conditions, and social problems to encourage reform.
Muckrakers
Used journalism to expose problems and build public support for Progressive reforms.
An employer secretly shares the names of workers who participated in a strike so other businesses will refuse to hire them. What is this practice called?
Blacklisting
punished workers for organizing or protesting by making it difficult for them to find future employment.
What party did Teddy Roosevelt run for President under in the 1912 election?
Bull Moose Party (will also accept Progressive)
Which Progressive Era president became famously known as the “Trust-Busting President” for breaking up powerful monopolies and trusts?
Theodore Roosevelt
Voters in a state become dissatisfied with an elected official and want to remove that person before the next election. Which Progressive political reform allows them to do this?
recall
A recall allows voters to remove an elected official before the official's term ends.
Name two famous muckrakers of the Progressive Era who exposed corruption, unsafe working conditions, or social problems through investigative journalism.
Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, Thomas Nast, etc.
This term describes negotiations between workers, usually represented by a union, and their employer over wages and working conditions.
Collective bargaining
Bonus: For a union to be successful, what is at least one thing necessary for it to be strong/influential?
Who won the election of 1912 with only about 41% of the popular vote?
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
What was the purpose of the 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913?
Establishment of a federal income tax
Bonus: How did the 16th Amendment change the way the federal government collected money? They do not have to rely on _______ anymore.
This reform allows citizens to vote directly on a proposed law rather than leaving the decision entirely to elected representatives.
referendum
A referendum gives voters a direct voice in deciding whether a proposed law should become official.-Direct Democracy
A reformer opens a neighborhood center that provides education, childcare, and other services to immigrant families and people living in poverty. What type of organization is this?
settlement houses: Provided assistance and educational opportunities while helping address problems caused by poverty and urbanization.
Bonus: Name the individual who helped create the famous settlement house called "Hull House" in Chicago, IL.
In 1911, a deadly fire at this New York City factory killed 146 workers, many of them young immigrant women, and exposed dangerous workplace conditions.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
The tragedy increased public pressure for fire safety requirements, better working conditions, and stronger labor protections.
A president supports breaking up monopolies but prefers using lawsuits and federal enforcement rather than making major public attacks on big business (less radical approach). This approach is most closely associated with which president?
PS. (He did not actually get stuck in a bathtub)
William Howard Taft
A company controls an entire industry and uses its power to drive smaller competitors out of business. Which Progressive reform would most directly address this problem
trust-busting or antitrust regulation (Sherman and Clayton).
Trust-busting used government authority to break up or restrict powerful business combinations that limited competition.
Before the 17th Amendment, state legislatures selected U.S. senators. Identify the major political change created by this amendment.
direct election of U.S. senators by voters
The 17th Amendment increased democratic participation by allowing citizens, rather than state legislatures, to elect senators.
What was the main idea behind Andrew Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”?
The belief that wealthy individuals had a responsibility to use their money to help society through philanthropy and charitable giving?
What did the Pullman Strike reveal about the relationship between big businesses, the federal government, and American workers?
federal government often sided with big businesses over workers by using federal troops and court injunctions to end strikes, weakening workers' ability to fight for better wages and working conditions?
This president became known for his conservation efforts, protecting millions of acres of public land.
Roosevelt expanded national forests and protected natural resources from overdevelopment.
After Upton Sinclair exposed dangerous conditions in the meatpacking industry, public pressure increased. Identify the two major federal laws passed in 1906 that addressed food and drug safety.
Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
Public exposure of unsafe products encouraged Congress to establish federal standards for food and medicine.
What was the difference between Carrie Chapman Catt’s (NAWSA) and Alice Paul’s (NWP) approaches to achieving women’s political equality and the right to vote?
Catt’s use of a more moderate, state-by-state strategy through lobbying and organization versus Paul’s use of more aggressive tactics, including protests, picketing, and civil disobedience, to demand a constitutional amendment.
One person argues that wealthy people deserve their success because they are naturally stronger competitors. Another argues that society has a moral responsibility to help people in poverty. Identify the two philosophies represented.
Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel
Social Darwinism justified economic inequality through competition, while the Social Gospel encouraged Christians to address poverty and social injustice.
How did the Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike, and Haymarket Affair affect the way the American public initially viewed labor unions during the Gilded Age/Progressive Era.
labor unions were increasingly viewed by many Americans as violent, radical, and disruptive, especially when strikes led to violence and conflict.
Why did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912? What circumstances helped him win with only 41% of the popular vote?
Roosevelt (27%) and Taft (23%) split the votes of the Republican Party, handing Wilson the White House
This famous labor leader headed the Pullman Strike of 1894 and later ran for president in 1912 as the Socialist Party candidate.
Eugene V. Debs