Classical Conditioning
What is an example of classical conditioning?
A. A cat learns to take the same path through the garden each day because it has found mice there before.
B. A parrot learns to say, "Hello" after hearing its owner repeat the word hundreds of times.
C. A dog learns to flinch when it sees lightning because lightning is usually followed by loud thunder.
D. A child practices her multiplication tables until she can do them perfectly.
C. A dog learns to flinch when it sees lightning because lightning is usually followed by loud thunder.
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
A. A boy who watches his brother ride a bicycle learns how to ride a bicycle.
B. A girl practices spelling Mississippi until she learns to spell it perfectly.
C. A baby learns to startle every time the doorbell rings.
D. A dog that is given a piece of food after begging at the dinner table learns to beg more frequently.
D. A dog that is given a piece of food after begging at the dinner table learns to beg more frequently.
Knowing how to use utensils and dress yourself each day is an example of:
A. Implicit memory
B. Explicit memory
C. False memory
D. All of the above
A. Implicit memory
What is the term for learning by watching others?
A. Imitative learning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Observational learning
D. Classical conditioning
C. Observational learning
Extinction may occur when you present the _______________ by itself repeatedly.
A. unconditioned response
B. unconditioned stimulus
C. conditioned response
D. conditioned stimulus
D. conditioned stimulus
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
A. A husband gets a kiss on the cheek from his wife after he takes out the garbage.
B. A twisted ankle hurts less after taking Tylenol.
C. A third grader reads five books for a gold star award at school.
D. A football player goes to the weight room every day to gain strength.
B. A twisted ankle hurts less after taking Tylenol.
Remembering all of the items on your shopping list is an example of:
A. Implicit memory
B. Explicit memory
C. False memory
D. All of the above
B. Explicit memory
Groundbreaking research in observational learning was done by:
A. John Watson
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Robert Rescorla
D. Albert Bandura
D. Albert Bandura
Which of the following is an example of generalization?
A. A dog both salivates and wags its tail when provided with meat.
B. A dog barks when a researcher enters the laboratory.
C. A dog responds to a stroke on its left side the same way it responds to a stroke on its right side.
D. A dog learns to stop salivating to the sound of a tuning fork.
C. A dog responds to a stroke on its left side the same way it responds to a stroke on its right side.
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
A. If a child grabs a toy from her sibling and her mother denies the child access to television.
B. After driving under the influence of alcohol, a woman loses her license.
C. If a child pulls a dog’s tail, then has his hand slapped.
D. None of the above.
C. If a child pulls a dog’s tail, then has his hand slapped.
Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
A. Knowing how to ride a bike
B. Remembering a specific event
C. Recalling a song
D. Remembering a childhood game
B. Remembering a specific event
When children observed adults interacting with inflatable Bobo dolls, they:
A. were not likely to imitate aggressive behaviors.
B. were aggressive but didn't imitate exact behaviors and words of the adults.
C. were aggressive and imitated some of the exact behaviors and words of the adults.
D. imitated exact behaviors but not exact words.
C. were aggressive and imitated some of the exact behaviors and words of the adults.
In classical conditioning,
A. a response gains the power to cause a stimulus.
B. a stimulus gains the power to cause a response.
C. two similar stimuli cause the same response.
D. two similar stimuli cause different responses.
B. a stimulus gains the power to cause a response.
If a person fears all buzzing insects, that’s called:
A. conditioning
B. discriminating
C. generalizing
D. extinction
C. generalizing
Learning by watching others is called:
A. imitative learning
B. operant conditioning
C. observational learning
D. classical conditioning
C. observational learning
___________ neurons in the brain help explain how observational learning occurs.
A. Behavior
B. Mirror
C. Observational
D. Variable
B. Mirror
What will happen if a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate to a tone hears the tone 100 times without having it paired with meat?
A. The salivation response will generalize.
B. The salivation response will extinguish.
C. Acquisition will occur.
D. Taste aversion will occur.
B. The salivation response will extinguish.
In _______________, a reward follows every correct response, just as a vending machine is supposed to operate.
A. conditioning
B. partial reinforcement
C. continuous reinforcement
D. none of the above
C. continuous reinforcement
An example of positive reinforcement is:
A. A child receives a sticker for good behavior.
B. A child loses recess time for misbehaving.
C. A teenager is grounded for staying out late.
D. A teacher gives homework for no reason.
A. A child receives a sticker for good behavior.
Alfred Bandura showed that we acquire knowledge by observing & imitating others. This is called:
A. Modeling
B. Flooding
C. Partial reinforcement
D. Counter conditioning
A. Modeling