conflicts
a conflict over who should own or possess a piece of land
what is a territorial dispute?
the redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
what is redistricting?
the city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state, etc.
what is a capital
a code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide exclusive economic zones
what is the UNCOLS?
the right to vote
what is sufferage?
conflict over the location or placement (delimitation or demarcation) of a boundary. The definition of the boundary is not in dispute, the interpretation of it is.
what is a locational/ positional boundary dispute?
the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census. Each House member represents about 740,000 people--2020.
what is reapportionment?
capital city relocated by a state to achieve a national goal, such as shifting the population, to increase the economic development of an area or to appease a diverse country. Egs--Karachi to Islamabad, Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia, Lagos to Abuja, soon from Jakarta to Kalimantan
what is a forward capital?
a military alliance (supranational organization) formed in 1949 with US and European countries as members to safeguard the West against Soviet aggression. In 2022 this alliance has 30 members. The opposing military alliance during the Cold War was the Warsaw Pact.
What is NATO?
generic term adopted by the Bureau of the Census to include the wide variety of small polling areas, such as election districts, precincts, or wards, that State and local governments create for the purpose of administering elections
what are voting districts?
conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty/boundary contract or of how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary
what is a definitional boundary dispute?
process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power or for political advantage; manipulation of voting district boundaries to favor a particular political party, group, or election outcome.
what is gerrymandering?
Canadian territory that was given to the Inuit in 1999, in which they could live with semi-autonomy and some self-determination, or the right to govern themselves, within their region.
what is Nunavut?
a treaty signed in 1955 and dissolved in 1991 formed a military alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain. It consisted of the Soviet Union and the seven satellite countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The opposing military alliance during the Cold War was NATO.
what is the warsaw pact?
the study of how geography (and elements such as the configuration of voting districts and voting patterns) impacts the organization and results of elections
what is electoral geography?
a conflict over natural resources that might be divided by a border between two or more countries or conflict over claims to natural resources, eg natural gas reserves beneath the surface of the earth.
what is an allocational/resource boundary dispute?
a political-geographical model suggesting that persistent regional patterns in voting behavior, sometimes leading to separatism, can usually be explained in terms of tensions pitting urban against rural, core against periphery, capitalist against workers, and power group against minority culture.
what is the cleavage model?
bringing together two parts of a previously divided country under one government into one state (ex: Germany, Vietnam, Yemen)
what is reunification?
meeting of 14 mostly European countries over how to divide up and make territorial claims on the African continent to take colonial control, disregarding African input or geographic distribution of ethnic groups.
what is the conference of berlin?
a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president; there are 538 electors total and 270 votes are needed to elect the president; each state's electors equals the number of members the state has in the House of Representatives plus two for its senators.
what is the electoral college?
Conflict or disagreement over policies to be applied along a boundary, such as immigration, trade, transportation, land use. It is not about the placement of the boundary but how the boundary functions.
what is an operational/ functional dispute?
the effects of geography on politics and relationships between states; a country's power to control space/territory and shape the foreign policy of other states and international political relations
what is geopolitics?
an area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers or contending groups forbid military installations, activities or personnel. This area often lies along an established frontier or boundary between two or more military powers or alliances. Eg--area along the 38th parallel separating North and South Korea
what is a demilitarized zone?
giving women the right to vote. In the US, women were given the right to vote in 1920.
what is women's enfranchisement?