Alkali & Alkaline
Name the group number and the number of valence electrons for the alkali metals.
Group 1; 1 valence electron.
List the six semimetals (metalloids) named in the study guide.
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te).
State the general trend for atomic radius
Atomic radius decreases left → right across a period and increases top → bottom down a group.
What are two other names for columns of the periodic table? What is special about elements in the same column?
Columns = groups or families; elements in the same column have the same number of valence electrons and similar properties.
How many hearts does and octopus have?
3
Which ion (including charge) do alkaline earth metals commonly form?
Alkaline earth metals form 2+ ions (lose two electrons).
On which side of the stair-step line are metals found? On which side are nonmetals found?
Metals: left of stair-step; nonmetals: right of stair-step.
Describe the reactivity trend for nonmetals across the periodic table. (Include where noble gases fit.)
Nonmetal reactivity increases up and to the right (excluding noble gases, which are generally unreactive).
For halogens: give the group number, number of valence electrons, and the common ion they form (include charge).
Halogens: Group 17; 7 valence electrons; form 1− ions
Which fruit is concerned to be radioactive?
bananas
Between sodium and potassium, which has the larger atomic radius? Explain briefly using periodic trends.
Potassium has the larger atomic radius (atomic radius increases down a group).
Identify whether arsenic (As) is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and justify using its position relative to the stair-step line.
Arsenic is a metalloid (on/near the stair-step line).
Between carbon and nitrogen, which has the larger atomic radius?
Carbon is larger than nitrogen
For noble gases: state their typical reactivity and how many valence electrons they have. Do they commonly form ions?
Noble gases: unreactive; 8 valence electrons (except helium with 2); they typically do not form ions.
True or False : Your left lung is smaller than your right.
True! To make room for your heart
Give two key physical properties of metals that help identify alkali or alkaline earth metals.
Conduct heat/electricity; malleable and ductile (also form positive ions).
Which of the following is more reactive as a metal: lithium or barium? Use periodic trends to support your answer.
Barium is more reactive (reactivity of metals increases down a group).
Why is Fluorine so reactive?
Because it is small and NEEDS that extra electron.
What are two other names for rows of the periodic table and what is common among elements in the same row?
Rows = periods or series; elements in the same row have electrons in the same principal energy level.
Where do we get most of our oxygen here on Earth?
The oceans!
Predict the reactivity trend for alkali metals as you move down the group and explain why.
Reactivity increases down the group because atomic radius increases and the outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more easily lost.
Explain how metals typically form ions (include whether they lose or gain electrons and the sign of the ion).
Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations).
Define periodicity and state the Periodic Law as given in the study guide.
Periodicity: repeating patterns and trends on the periodic table. Periodic Law: The chemical and physical properties of an element are a function of its atomic number.
What are the 2 series names and their periods that hold elements 57-71 and 89-103?
Period 6 series = Lanthanide series 57-71; period 7= Actinide series 89-103.
True or False: The sun is hotter than a bolt of lightning.
False! Lightning is actually hotter.