Research methods
This variable is the one that the experimenter manipulates.
What is the independent variable?
As one variable increases, the other decreases.
What is a negative correlation?
Inspector Clouseau took witnesses back to the crime scene to trigger these cues.
What are context-dependent cues?
Damage to this brain area would cause inability to move the left hand.
What is the right primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe?
These illusions differ from optical illusions because they consistently distort perception from reality.
What are visual illusions?
A simplified and generalised belief about a group.
What is a stereotype?
The prediction that results will not be significant.
What is the null hypothesis?
Material that has no meaning can only be remembered through shallow processing, which makes it easier to forget.
What is depth of processing (or encoding)?
Sniffing lavender during her exam helped Jacqui remember her study material.
What are state-dependent cues?
Cortex responsible for processing touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
What is the primary somatosensory cortex?
This theory explains why Zulu people in round huts were not tricked by the Müller-Lyer illusion.
What is the carpentered world theory?
Negative attitudes versus negative behaviours toward a group.
What is the difference between prejudice (attitude) and discrimination (behaviour)?
This sampling method is flawed because it is not representative of the whole population.
What is convenience sampling?
Difficulty learning new material because earlier learnt material interferes with encoding.
What is proactive interference?
Ineke imagined she was back at her desk at home during her boat licence test.
What are context-dependent cues?
Before movement, the basal ganglia create a strategy, the cerebellum coordinates, and the motor cortex executes.
What are the steps of voluntary movement?
This theory explains the Müller-Lyer illusion by using Gestalt principle of closure.
What is perceptual compromise theory?
The Robbers Cave experiment showed prejudice can be reduced when groups work toward this.
What is a superordinate goal?
A design where participants take part in both the experimental and control conditions.
What is a repeated measures design?
Forgetting because cues are not available at retrieval even though the information is known.
What is cue-dependent forgetting?
Looking at a photograph of her Year 6 class would allow Carla to use this memory process.
What is recognition?
Heartbeat and pupil dilation are controlled this way.
What are autonomic (unconscious) responses?
Both the Ames room and ambiguous figures create illusions by manipulating how we interpret visual information.
What are visual illusions?
This study showed people who express prejudiced attitudes do not always act in prejudiced ways.
What is LaPiere’s study?
A researcher watches people order their daily coffee without their knowledge.
What is naturalistic observation?
Richard kept giving his old mobile number because previously learnt material interfered with learning the new number.
What is proactive interference?
Reading a list of student names from Year 6 would allow Carla to use this type of recall.
What is cued recall?
This brain structure is essential for implicit emotional memory, especially fear.
What is the amygdala?
Procedural memories involve the cerebral cortex, while explicit memories are consolidated in this structure.
What are the hippocampus and cerebral cortex?
This process of identification, compliance, or internalisation can lead to meaningful attitude change.
What is one of Kelman’s processes of attitude change?