Convection Currents
Convection currents is one of the three ways _______ is transferred.
Convection currents is one of the three ways heat is transferred.
What is a transform plate boundary?
A tectonic plate boundary where two plates slide past each other.
Which two layers make up Earth’s tectonic plates (lithosphere)?
a) mantle and crust
b) upper mantle and crust
c) upper mantle and mantle
d) upper core and upper mantle
b) upper mantle and crust
A theory _________ the how and why of a natural phenomena in science
A theory explains the how and why of a natural phenomena in science
Which of the following areas would a volcano/earthquake be more common?
a) Florida
b) Michigan
c) Japan
d) Mongolia
c) Japan
Why does the extra extra hot magma rise?
Because higher temperatures = lower density = material rises.
What is the difference between a divergent plate boundary and a convergent plate boundary?
divergent boundary is when the plates are moving apart and a convergent plate boundary is when the plates are moving towards each other.
Which layer of the core is a solid and why?
The inner core is solid because of the amount of pressure that's on it.
What are two observations made by Alfred Wegner that caused him to come up with the theory of continental drift?
puzzle piece-like continents
Where are ~75% of the world's volcanoes located?
The Pacific Ring of Fire
Why does the "not-as-hot" magma sink?
lower temperatures = higher density = sinking
Name three features (i.e subduction, earthquakes, etc.) that occur at divergent plate boundaries.
1) seafloor spreading
2) mid-ocean ridges
3) rift valley
4) earthquakes
5) volcanoes
Which of the following statements best describes Earth’s inner core and Earth’s outer core?
a) The convection of liquid metals in the inner core creates a magnetic field at the outer core
b) The outer core is under too much pressure to be solid because the inner core is melting it.
c) The inner core is composed of liquid iron and nickel, and the outer core is a solid ball of iron.
d) The liquid outer core of the Earth lies above the Earth’s solid inner core and below its mantle
d) The liquid outer core of the Earth lies above the Earth’s solid inner core and below its mantle
What was the name of the scientist that first proposed continental drift?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Benjamin Franklin
C) Alfred Wegner
C) Alfred Wegner
Which of the following statements is correct regarding convection currents?
a) Convection currents in magma are caused by color differences.
b) Convection currents in magma drive the movement of tectonic plates.
c) Convection currents in magma are a result of how the magma is formed.
d) Convection currents in magma play a role in the movement of Earth's inner core.
b) Convection currents in magma drive the movement of tectonic plates.
Because heat from the outer core is transferred to the bottom of the mantle via conduction.
Which of the following statements is a fact about seafloor spreading?
a) Seafloor spreading occurs within subduction zones at a consistent rate.
b) Seafloor spreading is a result of convection currents in Earth’s inner core.
c) Seafloor spreading can occur at both divergent and convergent plate boundaries.
d) Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-oceanic ridges, resulting in the formation of new crust.
d) Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-oceanic ridges, resulting in the formation of new crust.
Which statement below is the only factual statement?
a) Earth's liquid inner core creates a magnetic field.
b) Earth's core can be studied directly by drilling into the crust.
c) Scientists use seismic wave data to study the Earth's structure.
d) Materials that make up Earth's layers all have the same densities.
c) Scientists use seismic wave data to study the Earth's structure.
Which of the following best describes the development of the theory of plate tectonics?
Ⓐ Scientists developed the theory of plate tectonics without empirical evidence.
Ⓑ Scientists believed that the existing Law of Universal Gravitation supported the theory of plate tectonics.
Ⓒ Scientists established the theory of plate tectonics by observing plate movement directly within Earth's core.
Ⓓ Scientists used the discovery of seafloor spreading to support continental drift, which led to the theory of plate tectonics.
Ⓓ Scientists used the discovery of seafloor spreading to support continental drift, which led to the theory of plate tectonics.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by geological events and have much in common. Which of the following is true about both earthquakes and volcanoes?
a) Volcanic activity may cause earthquakes.
b) Earthquakes are pretty common, but volcanic eruptions are rare events.
c) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions tend to occur most frequently in the center of a tectonic plate.
d) Tectonic plate movement plays a role in the formation of volcanoes, but has nothing to do with the strength of earthquakes.
a) Volcanic activity may cause earthquakes.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding convection currents?
a) Convection currents in magma are caused by color differences.
b) Convection currents in magma drive the movement of tectonic plates.
c) Convection currents in magma are a result of how the magma is formed.
d) Convection currents in magma play a role in the movement of Earth's inner core.
b) Convection currents in magma drive the movement of tectonic plates.
_________ is when the more dense plate is pushed underneath the less dense plate at a ___________ boundary.
Subduction is when the more dense plate is pushed underneath the less dense plate at a convergent boundary.
Geologists apply various methods to study the layers of the Earth. Which of the following is a method used to study the Earth’s layers?
a) Scientists use seismic waves to map the atmospheric conditions above Earth's crust.
b) Scientists map seismic waves to determine the atomic structure of materials that lie beneath Earth's surface
c) Scientists measure vibrations of Earth's surface using a compass (an instrument that is sensitive to Earth's magnetic field).
d) Scientists measure the time it takes for seismic waves to reach a seismograph (an instrument that measures seismic waves).
d) Scientists measure the time it takes for seismic waves to reach a seismograph (an instrument that measures seismic waves).
Why is the plate tectonic theory categorized as a theory and not a law?
a) Plate tectonic theory specifies how fast the plates may have moved in the past
b) Plate tectonic theory gives a precise prediction of the direction of plate tectonics
c) Plate tectonic theory explains why the outer layers of the Earth move and change
d) Plate tectonic theory provides a means to calculate exactly where and when the plates will move.
c) Plate tectonic theory explains why the outer layers of the Earth move and change
Which of the following statements about volcanic eruptions is true?
a) Volcanoes store nuclear energy, causing them to erupt.
b) Convection currents in the mantle cause magma to rise to the surface and erupt from the volcano.
c) Volcanic eruptions occur when the internal pressure within the volcano drops below the pressure of the surrounding rock.
d) Magma erupts from the volcano because magma is only composed of gas bubbles, making it less dense than the rock around it.
b) Convection currents in the mantle cause magma to rise to the surface and erupt from the volcano.