YURRUP
This Italian explorer sailed under Spain’s flag in the late 1400's and reached the Americas, mistakenly believing he had reached Asia.
Christopher Columbus
This term refers to the global transfer of goods, ideas, plants, animals, and diseases initiated by European exploration.
The Columbian Exchange
This joint-stock company established dominance in the Indian Ocean spice trade.
Dutch East India Trading Company
This Portuguese invention combined square & triangular sails, cannons, a rudder, thus making transoceanic voyages more efficient.
Caravel
This crop, introduced from the Americas, became a dietary staple in Europe due to its ease of harvest and dense caloric value
Potato
This treaty, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This labor system in the Spanish colonies forced Indigenous peoples to work on granted land in exchange for protection and conversion.
Encomienda System
This economic theory emphasized accumulating gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade and colonial expansion.
Mercantilism
This tool, adopted from Islamic navigators, allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the altitude of celestial bodies.
Astrolabe
These islands were named after the Spanish king after they were 'discovered' by Magellan.
The Phillipines
This was the first European power to establish a route to the Indian Ocean
Portugal
This trade network connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods, slaves, and raw materials.
Triangle Trade
This Catholic missionary order, founded in 1540, became influential in spreading Christianity in Asia and the Americas.
Jesuits
Of 16th century Dutch design, this was highly efficient for trade, with a larger cargo capacity and smaller crew requirements compared to warships.
Fluyt
The ships that brought mass amounts of silver to Chinese ports and markets, often stopping in Spanish-controlled Philippines.
Manilla Galleons
This hierarchical system in Spanish colonies categorized individuals based on their racial and ethnic ancestry, influencing their social and legal status.
This disease devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas.
Smallpox
Crop exported from the Americas to Europe, contributed to wealth accumulation, but required labor-intensive cultivation in the New World.
What is sugarcane?
This 'hijacked' system of forced labor in the Spanish colonies used Indigenous peoples to mine silver and other resources.
Mita System
John Cabot's voyage for the British was in search of this alternate route to Asia.
Northwest Passage
This Spanish priest and missionary became an outspoken critic of the mistreatment of Indigenous people in the Americas, advocating for their rights and the abolition of the encomienda system.
Bartolome De Las Casas
This rebellion in 1680 saw Indigenous peoples in New Mexico temporarily overthrow Spanish rule.
Pueblo Revolt
This silver mine in modern-day Bolivia became one of the most significant sources of wealth for the Spanish Empire.
Potosi
This system allowed Europeans to pay for passage to the Americas by working for a set number of years, often in harsh conditions, in exchange for land or freedom.
Indentured Servitude
This religion blended elements of West African beliefs with Catholicism, and emerged among enslaved Africans in the Caribbean and parts of the Americas.
Vodun