People/Groups
What nomadic group was feared across Europe for their raids across Europe?
Vikings
Who is the leader of the Catholic Church?
What was the rebirth of learning and trade in Italy called?
Renaissance
Disease spread by rats carrying fleas, killing off 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe's population.
Black Death / Bubonic Plague
What country was Martin Luther from?
Who was considered Europe's greatest king? Leading with just/fair rule, and reconquering most of the old Roman Empire?
Charlemagne
What was an indulgence?
Paying your way to Heaven, or a way to pay off your sins
What does it mean to be secular?
less religious. Art and learning focused more on people rather than religion.
What started the Middle Ages?
The fall of the Roman Empire
Why did King Henry VIII want a divorce from his wife?
She would not give him a son
A poor person tied to the land who has to work for a Lord and cannot be sold
serf
Before Martin Luther, all Western European Christians belonged to which church?
Catholic
Niccolo Machiavelli believed it was better to be _____ than loved
Feared
Time period with a warmer climate allowing for more trade, bigger population, and an increase in learning.
Medieval warm period
What is the term for a civilization that is urban?
Living in cities, people are growing more from trade.
Jesuits
What was a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land?
The Crusades
What is a person who excels in many fields of study and effort. Da Vinci is a leading example.
Renaissance Man
a social, political, and economic system based on mutual obligations between people.
Feudalism
What is humanism?
Celebrating and focusing more on the individual, instead of religion
Which Reformer believed in Predestination, and his ideas helped shape the moral code for early America?
John Calvin
Which major religious war was fought between Catholics and Protestants, mostly in modern-day Germany?
30 Years War
How was Renaissance art different than the Middle Ages?
Drew from Greek and Roman Ideas, and focused more on the individual and less religion
This an element of feudalism.
It involves a large house/castle owned by a Lord. Peasants paid him rent.
Manorial System
Which Italian city-state, ruled by the Medici family, is best known for promoting the Renaissance?
Florence