Ch. 12 Nervous System
The electrical signal that is propagated down an axon is called
action potential
What part of the brain is responsible for personality and decision-making?
Frontal Lobe
Where is cerebrospinal fluid located?
Subarachnoid Space
Where are muscarinic receptors located?
On parasympathetic effectors and most sweat glands
This is a disorder where part of the brain is missing and it doesn't fully develop
Anencephaly
What is it called when a neuron is repolarized past its resting membrane potential?
Hyperpolarization
What are the layers of meninges in order from superficial to deep?
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
How is white matter organized in the spinal cord?
Into anterior, posterior, and lateral funiculi.
What do we call a neuron that releases norepinephrine?
Adrenergic
This enhances our perception of pain
Substance P
What cell myelinates axons in the PNS
Schwann cell/Neurolymmocyte
What are Association tracts?
myelinated axons, white matter, within the same hemisphere
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
8 pairs
Where are parasympathetic autonomic ganglia located?
Near or in the target organ, effector
What is the action of the normal plantar reflex for a child under 1 year?
big toe dorsiflexes due to incomplete myelination
What cell in the PNS regulates material exchange between neurons and extracellular fluid?
Satellite Cells
What nerve functions in swallowing?
CN 9, Glossopharyngeal
What is the function of the lateral corticospinal tract?
controls skilled movements of limbs, hands, and feet
What is the divergence pattern in the sympathetic division?
Activates 20+ neurons (mass activation)
What is a stretch reflex?
feedback mechanism to control muscle length by causing muscle contraction
change in membrane potential where the inside of neuron becomes more positive/less negative but doesn't reach threshold
Small EPSP
What nerve functions in the movement of the tongue?
Hypoglossal
What is the role of the corticobulbar tract?
controls movements eyes, tongue, chewing, facial expressions, and speech
What happens when acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors?
causes excitation of the post-synaptic cell
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack, Episode of temporary cerebral dysfunction (mini-stroke), Cause- Temporary impaired blood flow to the brain