Mitosis/Meiosis
Which two of the following phrases represent the characteristics of mitosis?
A. produces gametes
B. produces diploid daughter cells
C. produces genetically identical cells
D. produces genetically different cells
E. reduces the number of chromosomes
B & C
Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA?
A. tRNA picks up amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosomes.
B. tRNA stores the protein code inside the protective wall of the nucleus for later use.
C. tRNA, together with proteins, makes up the structure of the ribosome, which builds proteins.
D. tRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA molecule inside the nucleus to the ribosome.
A. tRNA picks up amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosomes.
The insertion or deletion of a nitrogenous base will disrupt the three-letter pattern of an mRNA strand, which results in the wrong sequence of amino acids.
What type of mutation is this?
frameshift
In rabbits, brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). In a cross between two rabbits, one heterozygous for brown fur and one with white fur, how many of the offspring would be expected to be homozygous recessive?
50%
Define homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant: two big letters
heterozygous: big letter little letter
homozygous recessive: two little letters
Which of the following processes will produce the most genetic diversity in offspring?
A. cell cycle
B. binary fission
C. crossing over
D. fragmentation
C. crossing over
A strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases. GGT AGG CCA
What mRNA sequence would match this DNA strand?
CCA UCC GGU
Original mRNA sequence:
AUGCGUACCUUU
Mutated mRNA sequence:
AUGCAUACCUUU
What type of mutation occurred?
substitution
In rabbits, brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). What type of cross could produce all brown rabbits?
one homozygous dominant parent and one homozygous recessive parent
Which point mutation codes for a premature stop codon?
Nonsense
If an egg cell of an organism has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a zygote have?
16
A strand of DNA has the following bases:
ATG TCG GGA. What would the genetic material transcribed from this segment be?
UAC AGC CCU
An mRNA strand is supposed to have the codons AAA – UUU – CGC, but one A is deleted during transcription. What problem will this cause?
A. a translocation
B. a frameshift mutation
C. a chromosome mutation
D. less chromosomes in a gamete
B. a frameshift mutation
In horses, the gene for red hair (R) and the gene for white hair (W) are both dominant, which means red and white hairs will show up at the same time. This is called a roan hair coat.
If a white horse is crossed with a red horse, what is the chance an offspring will be roan?
100%
Which of the following is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis divides one germ cell into two haploid cells.
B. Meiosis goes through the four phases of mitosis twice.
C. Meiosis produces four somatic cells from one germ cell.
D. Cells produced by mitosis have half as many chromosomes as cells produced by meiosis.
B. Meiosis goes through the four phases of mitosis twice.
Dr. McNeal’s high school biology students were given a group assignment to compare mitosis
and meiosis in a Venn Diagram. In reviewing the group’s work, Dr. McNeal noticed that the students made a mistake and listed a unique feature within the shaded “similarities” area where the circles intersected. Which of the following characteristics did not belong in the “similarities” area of the diagram?
A. produces new cells
B. starts with a diploid parent cell
C. cells undergo DNA replication
D. produces two diploid daughter cells
D. produces two diploid daughter cells
Transcription occurs in the ___ and translation occurs in the ___.
nucleus; ribosome
What type of point mutation will have no impact on the protein being made?
Silent
Black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b) in rabbits. If a homozygous dominant rabbit is crossed with a heterozygous rabbit, what percentage of the offspring are expected to have black fur?
100%
Gametes must contain _____ chromosomes so that when they combine during fertilization they produce a new cell with _____ chromosomes.
n; 2n
What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in a plant cell and cytokinesis in an animal cell?
A. An animal cell's nucleus is split by a cell plate, while a plant cell's nucleus is split by a protein belt.
B. A plant cell's nucleus is split by a cell plate, while an animal cell's nucleus is split by a protein belt.
C. A plant cell's cytoplasm is split by a protein belt, while an animal cell's cytoplasm is split by a cell plate.
D. An animal cell's cytoplasm is split by a protein belt, while a plant cell's cytoplasm is split by a cell plate.
D. An animal cell's cytoplasm is split by a protein belt, while a plant cell's cytoplasm is split by a cell plate.
Match the term with its correct description.
1. the process in which tRNA attaches amino acids to build a protein
2. the process within the nucleus in which DNA is used to make RNA
3. the semiconservative process in which DNA is copied one nucleotide at a time
A. replication B. translation C. transcription
1. B
2. C
3. A
Which of the following processes is responsible for chromosomal abnormalities in which an individual has an extra chromosome?
A. deletion
B. duplication
C. translocation
D. nondisjunction
D. nondisjunction
Two dogs from the same litter look different. Both have short tails, but one has black fur and the other has white fur. The inheritance of unique combinations of traits by different offspring demonstrates the law of ____.
A. dominance
B. segregation
C. independent assortment
C. independent assortment
Which of the following situations occurs during prophase of meiosis, but does not occur during prophase of mitosis?
A. spindle forms
B. crossing over
C. tetrads line up
D. chromatids separate
B. crossing over