DNA vs RNA
What are the subunits of DNA and RNA called?
Nucleotides
What is the process of copying DNA called?
Replication
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
The nucleus
In prokaryotic gene regulation, what is a group of genes that are regulated together called?
An operon (ex: Lac operon)
What is a change in DNA known as?
A mutation
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative. What does this mean?
It uses half the original strand to synthesize the new strand
What happens during transcription?
DNA is copied into mRNA
In prokaryotic gene regulation, what is the site where RNA polymerase binds called?
The operator (O)
What is a mutation that changes a single base pair known as?
A point mutation
What DNA base is substituted for Uracil in RNA?
Thymine
What is the role of helicase?
Separates the two strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds
Where in the cell does translation occur?
Cytoplasm (free floating ribosome)
What are DNA binding proteins that play a role in gene expression in eukaryotes called?
Transcription factors
What are chemical or physical agents that cause mutation known as? (ex: UV rays)
Mutagens
What is the sugar found in RNA?
Ribose
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
Builds the complementary strand of DNA
What happens during translation?
mRNA gets made into a protein
Just before the beginning of a gene, there is a short region of DNA with a repeating sequence of thymine and adenine. What is this region known as?
TATA box
What kind of substitution mutation codes for the same amino acid?
A silent mutation
If a sample of DNA contains 38% Cytosine, approximately what percentage of nucleotides will be Thymine?
12%
What direction does DNA polymerase synthesize?
5' to 3'
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
tRNA
What set of master control genes regulates organs that develop in specific parts of the body?
Homeotic genes
What kind of mutations are caused by insertion and deletion?
Frameshift mutations