Mitosis
What is metaphase?
Number of cells produced by meiosis by the end.
What is 4?
The genotype that would describe rr.
What is homozygous recessive?
Traits that can take on any range of values rather than being just having the trait or not having the trait. This can also depend on environment.
What are quantitative (continuous) traits?
The spaghetti-like state of chromosomes during interphase.
What is chromatin?
Mitosis creates new cells that are ________ of the parent cell (hint: are the daughter cells the same or different from the parent cells?)
What are clones?
Meiosis produces genetically __________ daughter cells from the parents.
What is genetically different?
All chromosomes except X and Y.
What are autosomes?
When there are multiple versions of dominant alleles, so if both different dominant alleles are present, they are both expressed (ex. blood type)
What is codominance?
The term for when chromosomes do not divide/distribute properly and cells end up with improper amounts of chromosomes.
What is nondisjunction?
In a diploid organism, the daughter cells produced by mitosis will be this ploidy level.
What is diploid?
In a diploid organism, the products of meiosis will be this ploidy level.
What is haploid?
The term for the non-mutated version of a gene.
When neither allele is fully dominant or recessive, so a heterozygous individual expresses a combination of the two phenotypes (ex. a red parent flower and a white parent flower have a pink offspring flower)
What is incomplete dominance?
What is polyploidy?
When a cell is not in mitosis or cytokinesis, it is in this phase. (Includes G1, S, and G2).
What is interphase?
The type of cell that uses meiosis.
What is a germ cell?
When a male has a trait on the X chromosome, this is not called homozygous or heterozygous because there is only one X. It is instead called this word.
Type of inheritance used by humans, this was the theory stating traits are inherited as discrete genes rather than the average of the two parents.
What is the particulate theory of inheritance?
The structure that connects the two sister chromatids togehter.
What is a centromere?
The two purposes of mitosis
What is generating new body cells and asexual reproduction?
The two things that contribute to genetic diversity in meiosis (hint: one happens during prophase I, the other happens during metaphase I)
What are crossing over and independent assortment?
Genes that code for more than one trait (protein functions in multiple body parts)
What are pleiotropic genes?
This inheritance pattern can be spotted because males in a family tend to express the trait much more frequently than females because they only need one copy of the affected gene, whereas females would need two.
What is X-linked recessive?
The structures at the poles of the cell that extend spindle fibers during prophase.
What are centrioles?