Columbian Exchange and Maritime Technology
Name one maritime technology that impacted European exploration and expansion
Astronomical Charts
Magnetic Compass
Astrolabe
Lateen Sail
New Ships (Carrack, Caravel, Fluyt)
What were the three driving forces behind the Age of Exploration?
God, Gold, Glory
Name one conflict in the Americas and which European power(s) were involved
Marron wars - Spain and England
Metacom’s Wat - England
Gloucester County Rebellion - England
Pueblo Revolt - Spain
What was the only European nation where nobles lost power during this era?
France
See Question 1 on Practice Questions
B
What were the four types of things transferred through the Columbian Exchange?
Plants, Animals, People, Disease
What was the name of the type of empire Portugal had during the period 1450 to 1750?
Trading Post Empire
What was the name of the revolution that shifted power from the English crown to Parliament?
The Bloodless or Glorious Revolution
What Mughal emperor was religiously tolerant and ended the Jizya?
Akbar the Great
See Question 2 on Practice Questions
C
Name 3 specific things exchanged during the Columbian Exchange and where they came from
East: Okra, Rice, Horses, Smallpox, Cows, Pigs, Enslaved African People, Sugar, Wheat, Barley, Oranges, Grapes, Lettuce, Coffee, Rats, Chickens, Measles, Typhus, Bubonic Plague, Influenza, Firearms
West: Potatoes, Maize, Manioc, Tobacco, Cacao, Peanuts, Turkeys, Llamas, Alpacas, Guinea Pigs, Syphilis, Rubber, Quinine
What was the dominant trade route of the era?
For Double Points: Draw the trade route and label what traveled where
Triangle Trade Route
Where was the Puchev Rebellion and what was its result?
Russia
It resulted in Cathrine the Great cracking down on the rights of peasants to avoid future revolts
What was the social hierarchy of Latin America based on?
Double points: name and label at least 2 classes
How much European blood you had
Peninsulares - From the Iberian Peninsula
Criollos - Born of European descent only
Castas - the name for all mixed race groups
Mestizos - Mix of European and indigenous
Mulattoes - Mix of European and African
Zambos - Mix of indigenous and African
See Question 3 on Pratice Questions
C
Name one social impact of the Columbian Exchange
Rise of Polygamy in Africa
Decline in Native American populations due to European diseases
Rise of New Syncretic Religions in the Americas
What was created to help offset the individual risk of funding an exploration?
Joint Stock Companies
What hindu empire rose to ultimately replace the Mughal Empire during the period 1450 to 1750?
Maratha Empire
What ethnic groups were at odds with one another in the Qing Dynasty?
The Manchu discriminated against the Han
See Question B on Practice Questions
Potential Answers Include:
- Domesticated Animals from Europe led to more efficient farming in the Americas
- The spread and use of new crops from the Americas that were more productive/reliable led to population growth in Afro-Eurasia
What was the name of the journey enslaved Africans were forced to take during this era
The Middle Passage
How were the Spanish territories in Latin America run politically?
Encomienda and Hacienda systems
What is Ana Nzinga remembered for?
Establishing the state of Matamba with the Dutch in order to offer freedom to Africans enslaved by other Europeans
What was the name of the practice that gave women a role in political and social life in Ottoman society?
Harem Politics
See Question C on Practice Questions
Potential Answers Include:
- The spread of European agricultural techniques led to deforestation in some regions of the Americas
- The spread of Eurasian grazing animals, such as cattle and sheep, led to overgrazing in some regions
- The Columbian Exchange allowed the spread of invasive species, such as rats and rabbits, which altered many ecosystems
- Emphasis on cash crop agriculture decreased biodiversity and led to soil exhaustion