DNA
What nitrogenous base pairs with A?
With C?
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
If a cell starts with 54 chromosomes at the beginning of the cell cycle, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis?
54
Where does transcription take place?
The nucleus
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
Fill in the blank with either transcribed or translated
The TGFB1 gene is __________ into a strand of mRNA to leave the nucleus and head towards the ribosome.
Transcribed
What is the end product of DNA Replication
(be detailed there is a +100 bonus...)
2 identical DNA strands
(+100 if you mention that each strand is made up of 1/2 original DNA and 1/2 new DNA)
What 2 phases make up cell division?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
When transcribing DNA into RNA the base ___ gets replaced with the base ___
T gets replaced with the base U
What amino acid starts all proteins? How does the ribosome know when to stop reading the RNA strand?
MET starts all proteins, when it hits a "stop" codon
What amino acid does CGU code for
Arg
If a DNA strand containing 300 base pairs has 100 Adenine bases, how many Cytosine bases does it have?
50
What 3 phases make up interphase
(+50 for every phase you can correctly identify what happens)
G1- Normal cell activities
S- DNA synthesis
G2- Cell doubles in size and organelles replicate
Write the complimentary RNA strand to this DNA strand
TAC - GGG - ATA
AUG - CCC - UAU
What is a codon?
+50 if you correctly state how codons are used
+50 is you explain what an anticodon is
Codons are a group of 3 bases
Codons are used to code for an amino acid
Anticodons are attached to tRNAs and are used to match codons with their corresponding amino acids
What happens if a mutation causes a "stop" codon to occur too soon in the translation process?
+50 if you can include protein folding in your answer
The protein doesn't function. This is because without the full chain of amino acids the protein cannot fold the correct way, making it non functional
DNA Replication happens during what phase of the cell cycle
Interphase (+25 if you clarify S phase)
Why do cells undergo mitosis
To help organisms grow, and repair damages
mRNA
What type of RNA is "read" to create a protein? What type of RNA delivers amino acids?
mRNA gets read, tRNA delivers amino acids
Explain why not all mutations are bad
Some mutations can either not cause a change in amino acid or can cause a change in traits that is better for the organism
Why do we need to replicate our DNA
So that cells have even amounts of DNA after cell division
Why does mitosis have to happen before cytokinesis?
(+50 if you can explain the difference between the 2)
Mitosis divides the nucleus and DNA evenly, this must happen to make sure each daughter cell gets the correct amount of DNA. Cytokinesis splits the cell and cytoplasm. If cytokinesis happened before mitosis, the daughter cells would not have an even split of the parent cell's DNA
Why do we have to turn DNA into RNA before it can become a protein?
Explain why some mutations are "silent"
Because multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (UCU and UCC both code for Serine)
What is Ms. Wheeler's Degree in (2 majors)