cell signaling
autocrine signals affect..
the same cell that made the signal
type of feedback that stabilizes a stimulus
negative feedback
what are the 3 phases of the cell cycle
interphase
mitosis
cyotkinesis
what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
metaphase
what is the purpose of the checkpoints
to make sure the cell is functioning properly and DNA is not damaged
intracellular receptors are ___ the cell
inside
give 1 example of positive feedback
childbirth
describe what occurs during s phase
DNA is replicated
what phase of mitosis are the chromosomes split in half and move to opposite ends of the cell
anaphase
what is apoptosis
programmed cell death
molecules that bind to the receptor proteins to trigger cell signaling
ligand
when you go outside and it is cold, your brain sends a signal to your skin so that your hair stands up.
in this scenario, what is the stimulus
the cold air
what are the 4 phases of mitosis (in order)
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
during what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reappaer around the chromatin
telophase
what disease occurs if too many cells are made or not enough cells are dying
cancer
things that can block a signal from binding to its receptor and therefore stopping a response from happening (ex: caffeine)
inhibitors
hormones
what is the difference in embryonic and adult stem cells
embryonic- can become any type of cell
adult- are already specialized to become a certain type of cell
during cytokinesis the plant cells must form a ___ between the two cells
cell plate
what are the stimulating proteins called that allow the cell to progress through the cell cycle (this was on the worksheet for the online interactive)
protoonconogenes (CDKs)
what are the two ways that a cell responds to a signal
opens ion channels
alters gene expression
when you go outside and it is cold, your brain sends a signal to your skin so that your hair stands up.
in this scenario, what is the effector
skin
(skin muscles to make the hair stand up- errector pili muscles)
what is cell differentiation
a stem cell becoming a specific type of cell such as skin cell, nerve cell
what is the purpose of the centrioles
type of gene that is suppose to inhibit the cell cycle. (this was on the worksheet for the online interactive)
tumor supressor genes