Main Idea/Key Details
Inventors are people who create new things to solve everyday problems. They observe challenges in the world around them and think of creative ways to fix them. For example, the shopping cart was invented in 1937 by a man named Sylvan Goldman. He noticed that customers in his grocery store struggled to carry all their items, so he designed a cart with wheels to make shopping easier.
The process of inventing often begins with an idea. Inventors sketch their designs and gather materials to build a model, or prototype. They test their invention to see if it works and make changes if needed. Many inventions go through several versions before they are ready to be used by the public. Thomas Edison, for example, tested thousands of materials before creating a successful light bulb.
Inventions can change the way people live. Some, like the telephone and the airplane, have connected people across the world. Others, like the microwave and the zipper, have made everyday tasks easier. No matter how big or small an invention is, every idea starts with a person who sees a problem and works to solve it.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Inventors help solve problems by creating new things.
B. The shopping cart was the most important invention ever made.
C. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb on his first try.
D. All inventions are big and change the entire world.
A. Inventors help solve problems by creating new things.
Thunderstorms are powerful weather events that bring rain, lightning, and strong winds. They begin when warm, moist air rises into the sky and meets cooler air. As the warm air moves upward, it cools down and forms clouds. These clouds grow taller and darker as more warm air continues to rise. This process is the first step in creating a thunderstorm.
As the storm builds, water droplets in the clouds combine and become heavy. Eventually, they fall to the ground as rain. At the same time, strong winds move within the clouds, creating electric charges. When these charges build up enough energy, they release a flash of lightning. The sudden heat from lightning causes the air to expand quickly, producing the loud sound of thunder.
Thunderstorms can cause heavy rainfall, which sometimes leads to flooding. Strong winds can also damage trees and buildings. However, these storms are a natural part of weather patterns and help bring rain to dry areas. By understanding how thunderstorms form, scientists can better predict when and where they will happen, helping to keep people safe.
How are the sentences in paragraph 2 connected?
A. The sentences use comparison to show the differences between thunderstorms and other storms.
B. The sentences use comparison to show how different types of rain are formed.
C. The sentences use cause and effect to show how thunderstorms create lightning and thunder.
D. The sentences use sequential order to show the steps scientists take to study thunderstorms.
C. The sentences use cause and effect to show how thunderstorms create lightning and thunder.
The Great Wall of China was built a long time ago to keep invaders out of China. Different parts of the wall were built by different kingdoms, but later the emperor decided to make one big wall to connect them all. The most famous parts of the wall were built during the Ming Dynasty. The wall was long—over 13,000 miles—and made of stone, brick, and dirt.
The Great Wall helped China in many ways. It kept invaders from attacking and helped protect the people living in the country. It also helped control who could trade with China. Soldiers kept watch from the wall and warned people when they saw invaders coming.
Building the Great Wall was not easy. Thousands of people worked on it, including soldiers, prisoners, and farmers. They worked for many years, building the wall even though the work was hard and dangerous.
What is an effect of the building of the Great Wall of China?
A. The wall helped protect China from invaders.
B. The wall made it easier for invaders to enter China.
C. Fewer people wanted to live in China.
D. People stopped working to build the wall.
A. The wall helped protect China from invaders.
Dogs are one of the most loyal animals on the planet. They are known for their companionship and love for their owners. People have kept dogs as pets for thousands of years. They are often called “man’s best friend” because of the deep bond that forms between them and their owners. Many people believe that dogs are the most loving and caring animals you can have in your home. They greet you with excitement every time you walk in the door, and they are always there to comfort you when you feel sad.
Some people argue that other pets, like cats or rabbits, can be just as loving. While this is true, dogs tend to show their affection in a more obvious way. Their wagging tails, eager barks, and warm cuddles make it clear that they are happy to be with you. While other pets may be affectionate in their own way, dogs go above and beyond to express their love.
A. The author believes that dogs are not as affectionate as other pets.
B. The author thinks dogs are the most loyal and loving animals.
C. The author feels that dogs should not be kept as pets.
D. The author believes that cats make better pets than dogs.
B. The author thinks dogs are the most loyal and loving animals.
The cheetah is known for its incredible speed. It is the fastest land animal, capable of running up to 60 miles per hour. This speed helps it catch prey like antelope in the wild. Cheetahs have long, powerful legs and a flexible spine, which allows them to stretch their bodies while running at top speed. Unlike other big cats, cheetahs cannot climb trees but they are excellent runners and can make sharp turns at high speeds to catch their prey.
What is the meaning of the word "prey" as used in the passage?
A. Animals that hunt other animals
B. Animals that are hunted by predators
C. A type of animal that lives in the trees
D. A part of the cheetah’s body
B. Animals that are hunted by predators
Bees play a vital role in nature by helping plants grow and produce food. As bees move from flower to flower collecting nectar, they also carry pollen. This process, called pollination, helps plants create seeds and grow new flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Without bees, many of the foods people enjoy, such as apples, almonds, and blueberries, would become much harder to grow.
In recent years, bee populations have been decreasing due to habitat loss, pesticides, and disease. Scientists and farmers are working together to protect bees by planting wildflowers, reducing harmful chemicals, and creating safe spaces for bees to live. Beekeepers also play an important role by caring for honeybee colonies and ensuring they stay healthy.
People can help protect bees in simple ways. Planting bee-friendly flowers in gardens or avoiding the use of harmful pesticides can make a big difference. Even providing a small source of water, such as a shallow dish with pebbles, can help bees stay hydrated. Since bees are so important to food production and the environment, taking steps to protect them benefits everyone.
A. Bees are disappearing because they do not have enough food.
B. People should be afraid of bees because they can sting.
C. Bees are important for pollination, and people should help protect them.
D. Beekeepers make money by selling honey from their bee colonies.
C. Bees are important for pollination, and people should help protect them.
A frog begins its life as an egg. Female frogs lay their eggs in water, often in ponds or lakes. The eggs are coated in a jelly-like substance to protect them. After a few days, the eggs hatch into tadpoles, which are small and have tails but no legs. Tadpoles swim around in the water, eating plants and growing bigger.
As the tadpoles continue to grow, their bodies begin to change. They start to grow back legs, and their tails become smaller. This process is called metamorphosis. After several weeks, the tadpoles become young frogs, or froglets, with legs and much smaller tails. At this stage, they begin to leave the water and hop onto land, but they still return to the water to keep their skin moist.
The froglet then grows into an adult frog. Adult frogs are fully developed and can now reproduce, starting the life cycle all over again. Frogs can live in a variety of environments, but they always return to the water to lay their eggs, where their life cycle began.
How are the sentences in paragraph 3 connected?
A. The sentences use cause and effect to explain why frogs need to live near water.
B. The sentences use comparison to show how frogs are different from tadpoles.
C. The sentences use sequential order to show the steps of how a tadpole grows into a frog.
D. The sentences use problem and solution to describe how tadpoles avoid danger.
C. The sentences use sequential order to show the steps of how a tadpole grows into a frog.
Planting a tree is a fun and rewarding activity. The first step is to choose the right location. Make sure the spot gets plenty of sunlight and has enough space for the tree to grow. Once you have the right spot, it’s time to dig a hole. The hole should be as deep and wide as the tree’s root ball.
Next, place the tree in the hole. Be careful not to damage the roots. After the tree is in place, fill the hole with soil and gently press down around the base of the tree to secure it. Water the tree well to help it settle into its new home.
The final step is to care for the tree as it grows. Water it regularly and protect it from harmful pests. Over time, your tree will grow strong and tall, providing shade and beauty for years to come.
What is the second step in planting a tree?
A. Choose the right location for the tree.
B. Fill the hole with soil.
C. Place the tree in the hole.
D. Water the tree well.
C. Place the tree in the hole.
Lighthouses have been guiding ships safely to shore for hundreds of years. These towering structures stand tall on the edges of cliffs, shores, and islands, often in the harshest weather conditions. Their main purpose is to provide a light signal for sailors to follow, helping them avoid dangerous rocks and reefs that could damage or sink their ships. The light in a lighthouse is often very bright, and it can be seen from miles away, even in thick fog.
Although modern technology like GPS and radar has made it easier for ships to navigate, lighthouses are still important in some areas. In fact, many lighthouses have become symbols of safety and hope. Sailors know that when they see the light, they are near the shore and will be safe from hidden dangers.
What is the author's purpose for writing this passage?
A. To persuade readers to check out their nearest lighthouse.
B. To entertain the readers with a fictional story about a lighthouse.
C. To persuade readers to become a scientist that studies lighthouses.
D. To inform readers about the role of lighthouses and their importance.
D. To inform readers about the role of lighthouses and their importance.
The Amazon Rainforest is home to many different species of plants and animals. It is sometimes called the "lungs of the Earth" because it produces a large amount of the world's oxygen. The rainforest is also important for regulating the Earth's climate. However, deforestation, or the clearing of forests, is a major problem. As trees are cut down, the rainforest loses its ability to produce oxygen and maintain a stable climate. This has a serious impact on the environment worldwide.
What does the word "deforestation" mean as it is used in the passage?
A. The process of planting more trees
B. The process of protecting forests
C. The process of creating rainforests
D. The process of cutting down trees and clearing forests
D. The process of cutting down trees and clearing forests
The octopus is one of the most intelligent and fascinating creatures in the ocean. With its soft body and eight flexible arms, it can squeeze into tiny spaces to hide from predators. Octopuses are known for their ability to change color and texture, allowing them to blend into their surroundings like a chameleon. This camouflage helps them avoid danger and sneak up on prey.
Octopuses are also problem solvers. Scientists have observed them opening jars, escaping from tanks, and even using tools to protect themselves. Their large brains and excellent memories make them some of the smartest animals in the sea. Unlike many creatures, octopuses can learn by watching others, which helps them survive in their underwater world.
Although octopuses are incredible animals, they have short lifespans. Most species live only one to two years. After laying eggs, a female octopus stops eating and eventually dies once her young hatch. Despite their brief lives, octopuses continue to amaze researchers and divers with their intelligence, adaptability, and unique abilities.
Which of the following quotations supports the main idea "Octopuses are smart and have special abilities that help them survive."
A. "Although octopuses are incredible animals, they have short lifespans."
B. "Most species live only one to two years."
C. "After laying eggs, a female octopus stops eating and eventually dies once her young hatch."
D. "Scientists have observed them opening jars, escaping from tanks, and even using tools to protect themselves. "
D. "Scientists have observed them opening jars, escaping from tanks, and even using tools to protect themselves."
Volcanoes are powerful natural formations that can erupt with great force. An eruption begins deep inside the Earth, where extreme heat melts rock, turning it into magma. Since magma is lighter than the solid rock around it, it rises toward the surface. When enough magma collects in an underground chamber, pressure builds up, and the magma pushes through cracks in the Earth's surface.
As the magma reaches the surface, it bursts out of the volcano, turning into lava. Along with lava, volcanoes release ash, gas, and small pieces of rock into the air. Some eruptions are slow and steady, allowing lava to flow down the sides of the volcano, while others are explosive, sending ash clouds high into the sky. The type of eruption depends on the volcano’s shape and the type of magma inside it.
Volcanic eruptions can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Lava can destroy homes and forests, while thick ash clouds can make it hard to breathe. However, volcanic soil is very rich in nutrients, which helps plants grow. Some islands, like Hawaii, were formed by volcanic eruptions over millions of years. Understanding how volcanoes erupt helps scientists warn people who live near active volcanoes, keeping them safe from danger.
How are the sentences in paragraph 1 connected?
A. The sentences use compare/contrast to show the differences between magma and lava.
B. The sentences use cause and effect to explain how pressure builds up and leads to an eruption.
C. The sentences use sequential order to describe how scientists study volcanic eruptions.
D. The sentences use comparison to show how volcanoes are different from mountains.
B. The sentences use cause and effect to explain how pressure builds up and leads to an eruption.
In the early 20th century, cars with gasoline engines became the most common form of transportation. However, electric cars were also being developed at the same time. While the gasoline-powered vehicles gained popularity, electric cars did not fade away entirely. In fact, they continued to be improved and became a popular choice for those who wanted to reduce their carbon footprint and avoid the rising costs of gasoline.
In recent years, the development of electric cars has grown rapidly. Thanks to advances in battery technology, modern electric cars can travel much farther on a single charge than earlier models. Many electric car manufacturers are working to create models that are not only environmentally friendly but also affordable and convenient for everyday use. More and more people are switching to electric cars to reduce pollution and contribute to a cleaner environment.
As electric cars become more popular, the demand for clean energy sources, like wind and solar power, has also increased. This creates a positive cycle where electric cars help reduce carbon emissions, and the growing use of renewable energy makes electric cars even more eco-friendly.
What was the result of advances in battery technology for electric cars?
A. Electric cars became more affordable for everyday use.
B. People stopped using electric cars entirely.
C. The cost of gasoline increased significantly.
D. Electric cars can travel much farther on a single charge.
D. Electric cars can travel much farther on a single charge.
In the early 1900s, many cities began to focus on improving their public parks. Before this, parks were often neglected, and few people had places to relax outside. As cities grew, leaders realized that parks were important for both physical and mental well-being. New York City created Central Park, a large green space that offered people a place to escape the noise and busy life of the city. This inspired other cities to follow suit. Parks became more than just patches of grass; they were vital to creating healthy, thriving communities.
Which quotation from the passage supports the author’s point that public parks became important to cities?
A. "In the early 1900s, many cities began to focus on improving their public parks."
B. "Before this, parks were often neglected, and few people had places to relax outside."
C. "New York City created Central Park, a large green space that offered people a place to escape the noise and busy life of the city."
D. "Parks became more than just patches of grass"
A. "In the early 1900s, many cities began to focus on improving their public parks."
Whales are massive marine mammals that live in oceans around the world. They can communicate with each other using complex sounds, known as whale songs. These songs help whales locate one another over vast distances. Some species of whales migrate thousands of miles every year from cold waters to warmer waters to breed and give birth. The migration is a long and difficult journey, but it is essential for their survival.
What does the word "migration" mean as it is used in the passage?
A. A process of whale communication
B. A long journey taken by some animals
C. A way for whales to find food
D. A process of whale birth
B. A long journey taken by some animals
Wind energy is a renewable resource that helps generate electricity without polluting the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, which release harmful gases into the air, wind turbines use the power of the wind to create energy. These large turbines have blades that spin when the wind blows, turning a generator that produces electricity. Many countries are building wind farms, which are groups of turbines that work together to supply power to homes and businesses.
One of the biggest advantages of wind energy is that it does not run out. As long as the wind keeps blowing, electricity can be produced. However, wind power has some challenges. Not all places have strong or consistent winds, and wind turbines can take up a lot of space. Some people also worry that the spinning blades could harm birds and other wildlife. Scientists and engineers are working on new designs to make wind energy even safer and more efficient.
Despite these challenges, wind energy continues to grow in popularity. Governments and companies are investing in more wind farms to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. People can also help by supporting clean energy programs and learning more about renewable energy sources. As technology improves, wind power may become one of the main sources of electricity for the world.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Wind turbines are important but should not be used near wildlife.
B. Wind energy is a renewable resource that can help provide electricity in an environmentally friendly way.
C. Wind energy is the only way to create electricity for homes and businesses.
D. Fossil fuels are a better energy source than wind energy.
B. Wind energy is a renewable resource that can help provide electricity in an environmentally friendly way.
Tornadoes are powerful, twisting winds that can cause major damage. They form when warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico meets cold, dry air from the Rocky Mountains. The warm air rises quickly, and the cold air pushes downward. This creates a strong wind called wind shear, which can make a thunderstorm spin. If the conditions are right, a tornado can form.
Once the spinning winds create a funnel shape, the tornado can move toward the ground. The funnel cloud begins to lower and tighten, creating a strong force that pulls everything in its path. This is what makes tornadoes so dangerous. They can uproot trees, destroy buildings, and flip cars. However, not all thunderstorms will produce a tornado. In fact, only about 1 in 10 thunderstorms ever forms a tornado.
Meteorologists can use weather radar and other tools to track tornadoes and warn people in danger. These warnings can save lives, but the key to staying safe is knowing what to do when a tornado is nearby. Finding shelter in a basement or interior room, away from windows, is one of the safest places to be during a tornado.
How are the sentences in paragraph 2 connected?
A. The sentences use comparison to show how different air masses lead to the formation of tornadoes.
B. The sentences use cause and effect to explain how tornadoes form from wind shear and spinning winds.
C. The sentences use problem and solution to describe the dangers of tornadoes and how to protect against them.
D. The sentences use sequential order to show the steps meteorologists take to track tornadoes.
B. The sentences use cause and effect to explain how tornadoes form from wind shear and spinning winds.
Many people today enjoy riding bicycles as a fun activity or a way to stay healthy. However, bicycles weren’t always this popular. In the 1800s, the first bicycles were very different from the ones we use today. The first bicycles, known as "penny-farthings," had a very large front wheel and a small back wheel. Riders had to climb up to reach the high seat. These bicycles were difficult to ride and not very safe.
As time passed, inventors worked on making bicycles easier to ride. In the late 1800s, they invented the "safety bicycle." This design had two wheels that were the same size and lower to the ground, making it easier to ride and much safer. The safety bicycle quickly became popular, and people all over the world began using them for transportation and recreation.
Today, bicycles come in many different styles, including racing bikes, mountain bikes, and electric bikes. Thanks to the improvements made over time, bicycles have become a great way to get exercise, save money, and reduce pollution.
What caused more people to begin riding bicycles?
The invention of the safety bicycle.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, trains were one of the fastest ways to travel long distances across the United States. They allowed people to move quickly from one part of the country to another, bringing together families, businesses, and communities. However, train travel was not without its problems. The tracks were often unsafe, and trains sometimes broke down. To make train travel more reliable, engineers worked hard to improve the design of trains and tracks. They invented new braking systems and better materials for train parts, making the journey smoother and safer for passengers.
Despite these improvements, trains were still slow compared to modern-day airplanes and cars. Over time, cars and airplanes became faster and more popular, and train stations slowly began to close in many cities. However, trains are still an important part of the transportation system in some parts of the world, especially in Europe and Asia, where high-speed rail lines have become a common mode of travel. Although not as widely used as before, trains remain a key piece of the history of transportation.
Which quotation from the passage supports the author’s point that trains were important to travel in the past?
A. "In the late 1800s and early 1900s, trains were one of the fastest ways to travel long distances across the United States."
B. "Despite these improvements, trains were still slow compared to modern-day airplanes and cars."
C. "Over time, cars and airplanes became faster and more popular, and train stations slowly began to close in many cities."
D. "Although not as widely used as before, trains remain a key piece of the history of transportation."
A. "In the late 1800s and early 1900s, trains were one of the fastest ways to travel long distances across the United States."
The Eiffel Tower in Paris was originally built as a temporary structure for the 1889 World’s Fair. Standing over 300 meters tall, it was once the tallest man-made structure in the world. Today, it is one of the most famous landmarks and is visited by millions of tourists every year. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel and is made of iron, which makes it both strong and lightweight.
What does the word "landmarks" mean as it is used in the passage?
A. Buildings that are difficult to find
B. Buildings that are old
C. Famous places or objects
D. Tallest structures
C. Famous places or objects
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and important ecosystems on Earth. They provide a habitat for thousands of marine species, including fish, sea turtles, and crustaceans. Coral reefs also protect coastal areas by reducing the impact of waves and storms. Additionally, they support the fishing and tourism industries, providing food and jobs for millions of people. However, these delicate ecosystems are facing serious threats due to climate change, pollution, and destructive fishing practices.
One of the biggest dangers to coral reefs is rising ocean temperatures. When the water becomes too warm, corals experience a process called bleaching. This happens when corals lose the algae that give them color and provide them with nutrients. If the temperature remains too high for too long, the corals can die, leaving behind lifeless, white skeletons. Pollution from plastics and chemicals also harms coral reefs, making it harder for them to grow and recover from damage.
Scientists and conservationists are working to protect coral reefs by reducing pollution, promoting sustainable fishing, and finding ways to restore damaged reefs. People can also help by using less plastic, choosing reef-safe sunscreen, and supporting conservation programs. By taking action now, we can help ensure that coral reefs continue to thrive for future generations.
Which of the following quotations supports the main idea: "Coral reefs are important ecosystems that are threatened by climate change and pollution."
A. "This happens when corals lose the algae that give them color and provide them with nutrients."
B. "Additionally, they support the fishing and tourism industries, providing food and jobs for millions of people."
C. "By taking action now, we can help ensure that coral reefs continue to thrive for future generations."
D. "They provide a habitat for thousands of marine species, including fish, sea turtles, and crustaceans."
C. "By taking action now, we can help ensure that coral reefs continue to thrive for future generations."
Many species of animals around the world are in danger of becoming extinct. These endangered species face threats like habitat loss, poaching, and pollution. For example, the African elephant population has decreased dramatically because of illegal hunting for their ivory tusks. Similarly, deforestation and climate change have harmed the habitats of many animals, such as tigers and polar bears. If these issues are not addressed, these species may disappear forever.
To protect endangered species, efforts have been made to create protected areas where animals can live without the threat of poaching. National parks and wildlife reserves offer safe spaces for endangered animals to thrive. Additionally, laws have been put in place to reduce the destruction of forests and limit pollution. These efforts help preserve the natural habitats that animals depend on for survival.
Another way to help endangered species is by increasing public awareness. Educating people about the importance of wildlife conservation encourages support for efforts to protect animals. Many organizations call for donations or volunteer work to support conservation projects. Continued focus on these efforts can ensure that endangered species have a chance to survive.
How are the sentences in paragraph 2 connected?
A. The sentences use comparison to show the differences between national parks and wildlife reserves.
B. The sentences use cause and effect to show how deforestation affects animal habitats.
C. The sentences use sequential order to describe the steps governments take to create protected areas.
D. The sentences use problem and solution to explain how protected areas can help endangered species.
D. The sentences use problem and solution to explain how protected areas can help endangered species.
Planting a garden is a fun and rewarding activity. First, you should decide where you want your garden to be. Choose a spot that gets plenty of sunlight and has good soil. Once you’ve selected the location, clear the area of any weeds or grass. Next, you need to prepare the soil by loosening it with a shovel or rake. This helps the roots of your plants grow easily.
After preparing the soil, it’s time to plant your seeds or seedlings. Dig small holes in the soil, place the seeds or seedlings in each hole, and cover them gently with dirt. Water the plants right after planting to help them settle into the soil. Finally, make sure to keep your garden well-watered and pull any weeds that grow around your plants. Over time, you’ll see your garden grow and thrive!
Place the following steps in order:
1. Clear the area.
2. Plant seeds or seedlings
3. Decide where to plant
4. Water the plants
5. Prepare the soil
3, 1, 5, 2, 4
The American Bison is a symbol of strength and freedom. Once roaming the plains of North America in massive herds, these animals were an essential part of the ecosystem. Bison helped shape the landscape by grazing on grasses, which allowed other plants to grow. They also provided food and materials for many Native American tribes, who relied on bison for their survival. However, by the late 1800s, bison populations had been drastically reduced due to hunting and habitat loss. The government and settlers encouraged the hunting of bison to weaken Native American tribes, who depended on them for food and shelter.
In the years that followed, conservationists worked to save the bison from extinction. One of the most significant efforts was the establishment of protected areas where bison could roam freely. Thanks to these efforts, bison populations began to recover. Today, bison are no longer in danger of extinction, and they once again roam parts of North America, including national parks and wildlife reserves. While their numbers are not as high as they once were, the bison remains a symbol of perseverance and a reminder of the power of conservation.
Which quotation from the passage supports the author’s point that bison were once in danger of extinction?
A. "The American Bison is a symbol of strength and freedom."
B. "Bison helped shape the landscape by grazing on grasses, which allowed other plants to grow."
C. "By the late 1800s, bison populations had been drastically reduced due to hunting and habitat loss."
D. "Today, bison are no longer in danger of extinction, and they once again roam parts of North America."
C. "By the late 1800s, bison populations had been drastically reduced due to hunting and habitat loss."
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. These underwater structures are made up of tiny animals called corals. Over many years, coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate to build the hard, protective skeletons that form the reef. These reefs provide shelter and food for thousands of different marine species, making them vital to ocean health. However, coral reefs are threatened by climate change, pollution, and overfishing, which can damage or destroy these delicate structures.
What does the word "secrete" mean as it is used in the passage?
A. To make or produce
B. To hide from view
C. To eat or consume
D. To share with others
A. To make or produce