Rebecca is having trouble sleeping and getting out of bed each morning. She does not seem to enjoy her after-school activities as much as she used to and has not been hanging out with her friends on the weekends. Rebecca most likely has
b) Depression
Compared to pre-operational children, children in the concrete-operational stage are
a) Less egocentric
Reading is best developed when
c) A combination of whole-language and phonetic approaches is used
Achievement is ____________________ whereas intelligence is _________________.
a) The skills and knowledge that a child has gained through experience; a child’s underlying cognitive abilities
Which of the following increases the risk of obesity in children?
d) All of the above
Jessica becomes friends with Catherine because of their shared interest in Harry Potter. Jessica and Catherine’s parents notice that the two friends’ personalities are very similar. This example illustrates the concept of ___________________.
a) Homophily
The Flynn Effect is
d) The finding that IQ scores have consistently increased from one generation to the next
Unlike in early childhood when children’s self-concept focuses on ______________, during middle childhood, children’s self-concept focuses on _______________.
a) Concrete external traits; abstract internal traits
Co-regulation is
d) The transfer of some control from the parents to the child during middle childhood
According to Kohlberg, which level(s) of moral reasoning is/are focused on obeying the law without question and showing a respect for authority?
b) Conventional
As part of a research study, Ryan is presented with a class roster and is told to select children in his class who he likes the most and likes the least. Using this information from Ryan and his classmates, researchers can map the relative peer acceptance of each child in the class. This research methodology is called
a) Sociometric ratings
Tony and Peter are both 6 years old and attend different elementary schools. Both Tony and Peter are learning to read. They see the word “TELEPHONE.” Tony recognizes the word from other books he has read and immediately reads it as “telephone!” Peter, on the other hand sounds out the word “tel-e-ph-one” until he works out that the word is “telephone.” When learning to read, it is likely that Tony’s teachers used the _____________ whereas Peter’s teachers used the _______________.
a) Whole-language approach; phonetic method
Which of the following helps consolidate information from short-term to long-term memory?
c) Rehearsing the information over and over again
Children become more susceptible to learned helplessness when
a) They believe that success and failures are due to abilities (fixed mindset)
Which of the following is NOT a component of behavioral treatment for ADHD?
b) Increased use of punishment
Compared to being popular on the sociometric scale, a higher percentage of negative outcomes is linked with being rejected or neglected. Which is TRUE?
a) Overall, it is worse to be rejected than neglected
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the memory process?
b) Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Which of the following is FALSE about the impact of divorce on children?
c) Post-divorce conflict is unrelated to children’s adjustment
Which of the following is FALSE regarding parent-child relationships in middle childhood?
a) Parents begin to spend more time with their children
Caleb incorrectly answers three math problems in a row while his classmates seem to be able to answer them correctly. When it comes time to take the math test, Caleb gives up quickly when he encounters difficult problems and does worse than his classmates even though they have equal math knowledge. This example highlights the concept of
a) Learned helplessness
Joan trips and ends up pushing Ted by accident who then falls into Max, Jim, and Susie, causing a pile up of five kids. The next day, Kelly intentionally pushes Sally. Five-year-old Ron sees both events and thinks Joan should be punished more than Kelly because more kids fell down. It is likely that Ron is in the _____________ stage of moral development.
a) Moral realism
Which of the following was NOT discussed in connection to information processing?
c) Habituation
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the diagnosis of specific learning disorder?
c) The child must not have an intellectual disability
Iconic memory and echoic memory are both types of __________________.
a) Sensory memory
What is NOT a type of therapy we talked about in class?
c) Motivational Interviewing